The Paris agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. This study examines the Paris agreement and other explanatory variables such as net energy imports, and consumption of three significant fossil fuel impacts on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in three selected European countries, including Germany, Spain, and France. We employed fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and dynamic OLS (DOLS) regression methods to evaluate the effects based on panel data from 1995 to 2019. The results suggest that the impact of the Paris agreement is negligible. According to the FMOLS model, the Paris agreement reduces CO₂ emissions by roughly 1%. It seems that the Paris agreement is less effective than it was hoped to be. For consumption of three primary fossil fuels and net energy import effects on the CO₂ emissions, the results are as expected to be because any increase in the parameters will grow in carbon dioxide emissions in both models. It is worth mentioning that the most crucial factor in CO₂ emissions is the crude oil consumption that has an immense impact on both models. In the other words, a 1% increase in the usage of crude oil will release 0.56% CO₂ in the atmosphere.

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