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Targeting cellular senescence with senotherapeutics: senolytics and senomorphics
The FEBS Journal ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-11 , DOI: 10.1111/febs.16350
Lei Zhang 1 , Louise E Pitcher 1 , Vaishali Prahalad 1 , Laura J Niedernhofer 1 , Paul D Robbins 1
Affiliation  

The concept of geroscience is that since ageing is the greatest risk factor for many diseases and conditions, targeting the ageing process itself will have the greatest impact on human health. Of the hallmarks of ageing, cellular senescence has emerged as a druggable therapeutic target for extending healthspan in model organisms. Cellular senescence is a cell state of irreversible proliferative arrest driven by different types of stress, including oncogene-induced stress. Many senescent cells (SnCs) develop a senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) comprising pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, bioactive lipids, inhibitory molecules, extracellular vesicles, metabolites, lipids and other factors, able to promote chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. SnCs up-regulate senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs) that prevent them from dying despite the accumulation of damage to DNA and other organelles. These SCAPs and other pathways altered in SnCs represent therapeutic targets for the development of senotherapeutic drugs that induce selective cell death of SnCs, specifically termed senolytics or suppress markers of senescence, in particular the SASP, termed senomorphics. Here, we review the current state of the development of senolytics and senomorphics for the treatment of age-related diseases and disorders and extension of healthy longevity. In addition, the challenges of documenting senolytic and senomorphic activity in pre-clinical models and the current state of the clinical application of the different senotherapeutics will be discussed.

中文翻译:


用 senolytics 和 senomorphics 来靶向细胞衰老



老年科学的概念是,由于衰老是许多疾病和病症的最大风险因素,因此针对衰老过程本身将对人类健康产生最大的影响。在衰老的标志中,细胞衰老已成为延长模型生物体健康寿命的药物治疗靶点。细胞衰老是由不同类型的应激(包括癌基因诱导的应激)驱动的不可逆的增殖停滞的细胞状态。许多衰老细胞(SnC)形成衰老相关分泌表型(SASP),包括促炎细胞因子、趋化因子、蛋白酶、生物活性脂质、抑制分子、细胞外囊泡、代谢物、脂质和其他因子,能够促进慢性炎症和组织功能障碍。 SnCs 上调衰老细胞的抗凋亡途径 (SCAP),尽管 DNA 和其他细胞器损伤不断累积,但仍可防止衰老细胞死亡。这些 SCAP 和 SnC 中改变的其他途径代表了开发诱导 SnC 选择性细胞死亡的治疗药物的治疗靶点,具体称为 senolytics 或抑制衰老标记物,特别是 SASP,称为 senomorphics。在这里,我们回顾了用于治疗与年龄相关的疾病和病症以及延长健康寿命的 senolytics 和 senomorphics 的发展现状。此外,还将讨论在临床前模型中记录 senolytic 和 senomorphic 活性的挑战以及不同 senotherapy 的临床应用现状。
更新日期:2022-01-11
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