Further application of organic quinone cathodes is restricted because they are inherent in poor conductivity and tend to dissolve in aprotic electrolytes. Salinization can work on the strong solubility of quinones. Herein, the ortho-disodium salt of tetrahydroxyquinone (o-Na₂THBQ) was selected to promote the electrochemical properties of tetrahydroxyquinone (THBQ). Reduced dissolution of o-Na₂THBQ in electrolyte after salinization (replacement of two H with two Na) contributed to enhanced electrochemical performance. In sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in ester-based electrolyte, o-Na₂THBQ cathodes at 50 mA·g⁻¹ exhibited a reversible discharge capacity of 107 mAh·g⁻¹ after 200 cycles. Ulteriorly, in ether-based electrolyte, reversible discharge capacities of 200.4, 102.2, 99.5 and 88 mAh·g⁻¹ were obtained at 800, 1600, 3200 and 4800 mA·g⁻¹ after 1000, 2000, 5000 and 8000 cycles, respectively. The ultraviolet absorption spectra and ex situ dissolution experiments of THBQ and o-Na₂THBQ showed that o-Na₂THBQ hardly dissolved in ether-based electrolyte. In lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), graphene was selected to further enhance the conductivity of o-Na₂THBQ. At 50 mA·g⁻¹, o-Na₂THBQ and o-Na₂THBQ/Gr cathodes exhibited reversible discharge capacities of 124 and 131.5 mAh·g⁻¹ after 200 cycles in ester-based electrolyte, respectively. At 50 mA·g⁻¹, PTPAn/o-Na₂THBQ electrodes in an all-organic Na/Li-ion battery showed reversible charge/discharge capacities of 51/50.3 and 33.8/33.1 mAh·g⁻¹ after 200 cycles.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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增强小醌对锂和钠储能的电化学性能

有机醌阴极的进一步应用受到限制，因为它们固有的导电性差并且倾向于溶解在非质子电解质中。盐化作用对醌类的强溶解性起作用。在此，选择四羟基醌（o- Na ₂ THBQ）的原二钠盐来促进四羟基醌（THBQ）的电化学性能。盐化后o- Na ₂ THBQ 在电解液中的溶解减少（用两个 Na 代替两个 H）有助于提高电化学性能。在酯基电解质中的钠离子电池 (SIB) 中，o- Na ₂ THBQ 阴极在 50 mA·g ^-1在200次循环后表现出107 mAh·g ^-1的可逆放电容量。此外，在醚基电解质中，在 800、1600、3200和 4800 mA·g ^{-1 下}，分别在 1000、2000、50000 和 8000 次循环后获得了 200.4、102.2、99.5 和 88 mAh·g ^{-1 的}可逆放电容量。. THBQ和o- Na ₂ THBQ的紫外吸收光谱和异位溶解实验表明o- Na ₂ THBQ在醚基电解质中几乎不溶解。在锂离子电池 (LIB) 中，选择石墨烯以进一步提高o- Na ₂ THBQ的导电性。在 50 mA·g ^-1 , o-Na ₂ THBQ 和o -Na ₂ THBQ/Gr 正极在酯基电解质中循环200 次后分别表现出124 和131.5 mAh·g ^{-1 的}可逆放电容量。在 50 mA·g ^{-1 下}，全有机钠/锂离子电池中的PTPAn/ o -Na ₂ THBQ 电极在200 次循环后显示出 51/50.3 和 33.8/33.1 mAh·g ^{-1 的}可逆充电/放电容量。

图形概要