This study extends previous research on time pressure and well-being by investigating the relevance of distinct time pressure trajectories for indicators of well-being at the end of the working week and start of the next week. Drawing on the Effort-Recovery Model and Conservation of Resources theory, we applied latent class growth analyses and a manual stepwise Bolck-Croon-Hagenaar approach to examine (a) which latent classes of time pressure trajectories occur for employees and (b) how these classes differ from each other regarding indicators of well-being at the end of the working week and the following Monday. Using data on 254 employees in a daily diary study across five consecutive workdays, the findings revealed a four-class solution characterized by qualitatively different time pressure trajectories: a low stable time pressure trajectory and three trajectories with changing time pressure levels (high unstable, medium unstable, and increasing unstable time pressure). Further, the trajectories exhibited class-specific differences in Friday evening and Monday morning positive valence, calmness, and energetic arousal, in addition to Friday night sleep quality. The results indicated that not only did the level of time pressure matter regarding well-being but also the temporal pattern of change across one working week. The present article provides a first step towards understanding different temporal dynamics of time pressure and their relationship to well-being. Additionally, the findings are discussed from the perspective of resource loss and gain, providing practical recommendations for job design, leadership behavior, as well as individual coping with job demands. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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一周的起起落落：一种以人为本的方法来研究时间压力轨迹和幸福感之间的关系。

本研究通过调查不同时间压力轨迹与工作周结束和下周开始时的幸福感指标的相关性，扩展了先前关于时间压力和幸福感的研究。借鉴努力恢复模型和资源保护理论，我们应用潜在类别增长分析和手动逐步 Bolck-Croon-Hagenaar 方法来检查（a）哪些潜在类别的时间压力轨迹发生在员工身上，以及（b）这些潜在类别是如何发生的在工作周结束和下周一的幸福指数方面，各班各有不同。在连续五个工作日的每日日记研究中使用 254 名员工的数据，研究结果揭示了一个四类解决方案，其特征在于质量不同的时间压力轨迹：一个低稳定时间压力轨迹和三个随时间压力水平变化的轨迹（高不稳定、中等不稳定和增加不稳定时间压力）。此外，除了周五晚上的睡眠质量外，这些轨迹在周五晚上和周一早上的正效价、平静和精力充沛的唤醒方面表现出特定类别的差异。结果表明，时间压力水平不仅与幸福感有关，而且与一个工作周内的时间变化模式有关。本文为了解时间压力的不同时间动态及其与幸福感的关系迈出了第一步。此外，还从资源损失和获得的角度讨论了研究结果，为工作设计、领导行为、以及个人应对工作需求。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。