Decades of research has examined the difficulty that people with psychiatric diagnoses have in recalling specific autobiographical memories of events that lasted less than a day. Instead, they seem to retrieve general events that have occurred many times or which occurred over longer periods of time, termed overgeneral memory. We present the first transdiagnostic meta-analysis of memory specificity/overgenerality and the first meta-regression of proposed causal mechanisms. A keyword search of Embase, PsycARTICLES, and PsycINFO databases yielded 74 studies that compared people with and without psychiatric diagnoses on the retrieval of specific (k = 85) or general memories (k = 56). The majority of studies included participants with Major Depressive Disorder (∼49%), Schizophrenia (∼19%), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (∼17%) with few studies involving other groups of participants, for example, Anxiety Disorders (∼5%). Multilevel meta-analysis confirmed that people with psychiatric diagnoses typically recall fewer specific, g = −0.864, 95% CI [−1.030, −0.698], and more general, g = 712, 95% CI [0.524, 0.900], memories than diagnoses-free people. The size of these effects did not differ between diagnostic groups. There were no consistent moderators of effect size heterogeneity; effect sizes were not explained by methodological factors such as cue valence or demographic variables such as participants’ age or between-group differences in process variables (e.g., rumination). Deficits in autobiographical memory retrieval may be a transdiagnostic factor, but further research in underrepresented diagnostic groups, and with novel experimental manipulations of encoding and retrieval processes, is warranted before full transdiagnosticity and the processes underlying reduced specificity/overgenerality can be established.

中文翻译：

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自传体记忆障碍作为精神疾病的跨诊断特征：对精神病诊断人群中自传体记忆特异性和过度概括性调查的荟萃分析回顾。

数十年的研究已经检查了患有精神病学诊断的人在回忆持续不到一天的事件的特定自传记忆方面的困难。相反，它们似乎检索了多次发生或发生在较长时间段内的一般事件，称为过度一般记忆。我们提出了第一个对记忆特异性/过度概括性的跨诊断荟萃分析和对所提出的因果机制的第一个荟萃回归。对 Embase、PsycARTICLES 和 PsycINFO 数据库的关键字搜索产生了 74 项研究，这些研究比较了有和没有精神病诊断的人在检索特定 ( k = 85) 或一般记忆 ( k= 56)。大多数研究包括患有重度抑郁症（~49%）、精神分裂症（~19%）和创伤后应激障碍（~17%）的参与者，很少有涉及其他参与者群体的研究，例如焦虑症（~5% ）。多层次荟萃分析证实，患有精神病学诊断的人通常回忆较少的特异性，g = -0.864, 95% CI [-1.030, -0.698]，而更一般的，g= 712, 95% CI [0.524, 0.900]，记忆比无诊断的人。这些影响的大小在诊断组之间没有差异。效应大小异质性没有一致的调节因子；效应量不能用提示效价等方法学因素或参与者年龄或过程变量（如反刍）的组间差异等人口统计变量来解释。自传体记忆检索的缺陷可能是一个跨诊断因素，但在完全跨诊断和降低特异性/过度概括性的过程可以建立之前，需要对代表性不足的诊断组进行进一步研究，并对编码和检索过程进行新的实验操作。