Comparative Study on the Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Various Wet-Waste Feedstock Types,ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

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Comparative Study on the Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Various Wet-Waste Feedstock Types
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-28 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07214
Dylan Cronin ₁ , Andrew J. Schmidt ₁ , Justin Billing ₁ , Todd R. Hart ₁ , Samuel P. Fox ₁ , Xavier Fonoll ₂ , John Norton ₂ , Michael R. Thorson ₁

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) liquifies wet feedstocks to produce a biocrude under moderate temperatures (300–450 °C) and high pressures (>2500 psi). The biocrude can be upgraded to transportation fuels (predominantly diesel) using typical refinery unit operations (e.g., hydrotreater and distillation). HTL of wet-wastes is a promising route to produce environmentally friendly and cost-competitive fuels; however, the feedstock significantly impacts the product quality and the process yield. Consequently, it is important to rigorously compare different feedstocks to determine the critical material attributes, which impact the biocrude yield and quality. A few published comprehensive studies evaluate the performance of numerous different wet-waste HTL feed types, processed using the same reactor configuration and analytical approach. This is particularly true for continuous flow HTL. HTL studies generally investigate one or a few surrogate feedstocks or model compound materials or attempt comparative reviews by collecting the results of numerous different research groups. Such an approach involves numerous assumptions that can significantly compromise the legitimacy of the data compared and the conclusions drawn. This work investigates HTL of 13 different real-world wet-waste feedstocks, belonging to multiple different classes of municipal wet-waste, including food waste, biosolids, sludge, fermentation residues, manure, and blends thereof. The biocrude carbon yields obtained throughout the study ranged from 39.7 to 74.3%. The biocrude yield varied through a range of different process changes, such as increasing reactor flow rate and feed solid loading, and addition of Fe-based additives. By analyzing a broad range of materials, and through the comprehensive characterization profiles prepared for both the feedstock and products, this study has produced a significant volume of data, which was then analyzed using robust statistical methods.

中文翻译：

不同类型湿垃圾原料的连续流动水热液化对比研究

水热液化 (HTL) 在中等温度 (300–450 °C) 和高压 (>2500 psi) 下液化湿原料以生产生物原油。使用典型的炼油厂单元操作（例如，加氢处理器和蒸馏）可以将生物原油升级为运输燃料（主要是柴油）。湿废物的 HTL 是生产环保且具有成本竞争力的燃料的有前途的途径；然而，原料显着影响产品质量和工艺产量。因此，严格比较不同的原料以确定影响生物原油产量和质量的关键材料属性非常重要。一些已发表的综合研究评估了许多不同湿废物 HTL 进料类型的性能，这些进料类型使用相同的反应器配置和分析方法进行处理。对于连续流 HTL 尤其如此。HTL 研究通常调查一种或几种替代原料或模型化合物材料，或通过收集众多不同研究小组的结果来尝试比较审查。这种方法涉及许多假设，这些假设可能会严重损害比较数据和得出的结论的合法性。这项工作研究了 13 种不同的现实世界湿垃圾原料的 HTL，这些原料属于多个不同类别的城市湿垃圾，包括食物垃圾、生物固体、污泥、发酵残渣、粪便及其混合物。在整个研究过程中获得的生物原油碳产量范围为 39.7% 至 74.3%。生物原油产量因一系列不同的工艺变化而变化，例如增加反应器流速和进料固体负载，以及添加铁基添加剂。通过分析范围广泛的材料，并通过为原料和产品准备的综合表征配置文件，本研究产生了大量数据，然后使用稳健的统计方法对其进行分析。

更新日期：2022-01-24

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