绝经期妇女口腔的变化——叙述性回顾,International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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绝经期妇女口腔的变化——叙述性回顾
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Pub Date : 2021-12-27 , DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010253
Aleksandra Ciesielska ₁ , Aida Kusiak ₁ , Agata Ossowska ₁ , Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska ₂

Affiliation

绝经期间的口腔健康意识对于减少因荷尔蒙变化而可能发生的不可避免的不便至关重要。由于雌激素受体在这两种结构中的存在，雌激素浓度的降低以与阴道粘膜相似的方式影响口腔粘膜。雌激素缺乏也会影响口腔黏膜上皮的成熟过程，并可能导致其变薄和萎缩，使其更容易受到局部机械损伤，从而导致疼痛耐受性的变化以及使用可拆卸修复体的问题。绝经期黏膜上皮细胞更易感染念珠菌病、灼口综合征、口腔扁平苔藓 (OLP) 或特发性神经病。此外，唾液腺也依赖激素，这会导致唾液分泌及其稠度的变化。因此，它可能会影响牙齿和牙周组织，导致更年期妇女患龋齿和牙周病的风险增加。由于口腔中出现的主诉和症状种类繁多，绝经期妇女构成了重要的患者群体，在此特定时期应接受医生和牙医的特殊预防和治疗护理。

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Changes in the Oral Cavity in Menopausal Women—A Narrative Review

Oral health awareness during the menopausal period is essential to minimize the inevitable inconveniences which may occur due to hormonal changes. The decrease in estrogen hormone concentration impacts the oral mucosa in a similar way to the vaginal mucosa due to the presence of estrogen receptors in both of these structures. An estrogen deficiency also affects the maturation process of the oral mucosal epithelium and can lead to its thinning and atrophy, making it more susceptible to local mechanical injuries, causing a change in pain tolerance and problems in the use of removable prosthetic restorations. Mucosal epithelium during the menopausal period is more vulnerable to infections, candidiasis, burning mouth syndrome, oral lichen planus (OLP), or idiopathic neuropathy. Moreover, salivary glands are also hormone-dependent which leads to changes in saliva secretion and its consistency. In consequence, it may affect teeth and periodontal tissues, resulting in an increased risk of caries and periodontal disease in menopausal women. Due to the large variety of complaints and symptoms occurring in the oral cavity, menopausal women constitute a significant group of patients who should receive special preventive and therapeutic care from doctors and dentists in this particular period.

更新日期：2021-12-27

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