Pd基纳米颗粒催化剂的生物技术合成,Nanoscale Advances

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Pd基纳米颗粒催化剂的生物技术合成
Nanoscale Advances ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-21 , DOI: 10.1039/d1na00686j
Christopher Egan-Morriss ₁ , Richard L Kimber ₂ , Nigel A Powell ₃ , Jonathan R Lloyd ₁

Affiliation

钯金属纳米粒子是工业上用于氢化和 Heck 和 Suzuki C-C 偶联反应等反应的优良催化剂。然而，全球对 Pd 的需求远远超过全球供应，因此 Pd 的可持续利用和回收至关重要。由于使用了有机溶剂和封端剂等有毒化学品，传统的 Pd 金属纳米粒子化学合成路线不符合可持续性目标。微生物能够在环境温度和压力下生物还原可溶性高氧化态金属离子以形成金属纳米颗粒，而不需要有毒化学品。微生物还可以减少废物溶液中的金属，重新评估这些废物流的价值，并允许对贵金属进行再利用。负载在微生物细胞上的 Pd 纳米颗粒 (bio-Pd) 可以催化多种反应，在多项研究中甚至优于商业非均相 Pd 催化剂。然而，要被认为是一种可行的商业选择，必须提高生物钯的内在活性和选择性。许多类型的微生物可以产生生物钯，尽管迄今为止大多数研究都是使用细菌进行的，金属还原由氢化酶或甲酸脱氢酶介导。异化金属还原细菌 (DMRB) 拥有额外的适用于细胞外电子传输的酶，这些酶可能会更好地控制所产生的纳米粒子的特性。该领域最近的一个重要补充是生物双金属纳米颗粒，它显着增强了生物钯的催化性能。此外，系统生物学可以将 bio-Pd 整合到生物催化过程中，和加工技术可以进一步增强催化性能，例如加入额外的功能性纳米材料。这篇综述旨在强调酶促金属还原过程的各个方面，这些过程可以通过生物工程来控制 bio-Pd 的大小、形状和细胞位置，从而优化其催化性能。

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Biotechnological synthesis of Pd-based nanoparticle catalysts

Palladium metal nanoparticles are excellent catalysts used industrially for reactions such as hydrogenation and Heck and Suzuki C–C coupling reactions. However, the global demand for Pd far exceeds global supply, therefore the sustainable use and recycling of Pd is vital. Conventional chemical synthesis routes of Pd metal nanoparticles do not meet sustainability targets due to the use of toxic chemicals, such as organic solvents and capping agents. Microbes are capable of bioreducing soluble high oxidation state metal ions to form metal nanoparticles at ambient temperature and pressure, without the need for toxic chemicals. Microbes can also reduce metal from waste solutions, revalorising these waste streams and allowing the reuse of precious metals. Pd nanoparticles supported on microbial cells (bio-Pd) can catalyse a wide array of reactions, even outperforming commercial heterogeneous Pd catalysts in several studies. However, to be considered a viable commercial option, the intrinsic activity and selectivity of bio-Pd must be enhanced. Many types of microorganisms can produce bio-Pd, although most studies so far have been performed using bacteria, with metal reduction mediated by hydrogenase or formate dehydrogenase enzymes. Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria (DMRB) possess additional enzymes adapted for extracellular electron transport that potentially offer greater control over the properties of the nanoparticles produced. A recent and important addition to the field are bio-bimetallic nanoparticles, which significantly enhance the catalytic properties of bio-Pd. In addition, systems biology can integrate bio-Pd into biocatalytic processes, and processing techniques may enhance the catalytic properties further, such as incorporating additional functional nanomaterials. This review aims to highlight aspects of enzymatic metal reduction processes that can be bioengineered to control the size, shape, and cellular location of bio-Pd in order to optimise its catalytic properties.

更新日期：2021-12-21

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