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Effect of Various Classes of Surfactants on Interfacial Tension Reduction and Wettability Alteration on Smart-Water-Surfactant Systems
Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-17 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c03284
Benedicta N. Nwani 1 , Madhar Sahib Azad 2 , Japan Trivedi 1
Affiliation  

In recent times, smart water flooding, capable of altering rock’s wettability, has been widely recognized as a potential enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for low-permeable, mixed/oil-wet carbonate reservoirs. Smart water flooding does not provide significant interfacial tension (IFT) reduction; however, when combined with a surfactant, the synergetic effect can provide favorable IFT reduction and wettability alteration for improved oil recovery in tight carbonate reservoirs. The IFT and wettability altering effect during the addition of various classes of surfactants to smart water flooding at a broader range of salinity have not been investigated. In this work, the electrokinetic interaction between oil, three different surfactant solutions prepared in different brines in two different tight carbonate rocks is studied using zeta sizer nano (the equipment used to measure the zeta potential of the oil–brine and rock–brine systems). Cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants were used in this study. Initially, three different high-salinity brines were diluted to seven different concentrations for surfactant solution preparation. Among the seven different concentrations ranging from 0 to 200,000 ppm, it was observed that surfactant solutions prepared in 5000, 25,000, 50,000, and 100,000 ppm brine concentrations provided a significant effect on fluid-rock and fluid–fluid interactions. Therefore, surfactant solutions prepared in these brine concentrations were subjected to direct IFT measurements. For nonionic and cationic surfactants at all brine types investigated, the IFT is the lowest at 100,000 ppm brine salinity, corresponding to the lowest zeta potential magnitude. Additionally, anionic surfactants outperform the wettability alteration capabilities of other surfactants in NaCl and synthetic formation brines (SFMBs) while cationic surfactants were observed to be better in CaCl2 brine. Although the nonionic surfactant reduces the IFT better compared to the other two surfactants, its effect on wettability alteration is adverse.

中文翻译:

各类表面活性剂对智能水表面活性剂系统界面张力降低和润湿性改变的影响

近年来,能够改变岩石润湿性的智能水驱已被广泛认为是低渗透、混合/油湿碳酸盐岩储层的潜在提高采收率 (EOR) 方法。智能水驱不能显着降低界面张力 (IFT);然而,当与表面活性剂结合使用时,协同效应可以提供有利的 IFT 降低和润湿性改变,以提高致密碳酸盐岩油藏的采收率。尚未研究在更广泛的盐度范围内将各种类型的表面活性剂添加到智能水驱过程中的 IFT 和润湿性改变效果。在这项工作中,油之间的电动相互作用,使用 zeta sizer nano(用于测量油-卤水和岩石-卤水系统的 zeta 电位的设备)研究了在两种不同的致密碳酸盐岩的不同盐水中制备的三种不同的表面活性剂溶液。本研究中使用了阳离子、阴离子和非离子表面活性剂。最初,为了制备表面活性剂溶液,将三种不同的高盐度盐水稀释到七种不同的浓度。在 0 到 200,000 ppm 的七种不同浓度中,观察到在 5000、25,000、50,000 和 100,000 ppm 盐水浓度下制备的表面活性剂溶液对流体-岩石和流体-流体相互作用产生显着影响。因此,在这些盐水浓度中制备的表面活性剂溶液进行直接 IFT 测量。对于所研究的所有盐水类型的非离子和阳离子表面活性剂,IFT 在 100,000 ppm 盐水盐度时最低,对应于最低的 zeta 电位量级。此外,阴离子表面活性剂在 NaCl 和合成地层盐水 (SFMB) 中的润湿性改变能力优于其他表面活性剂,而在 CaCl 中观察到阳离子表面活性剂更好2盐水。尽管与其他两种表面活性剂相比,非离子表面活性剂能更好地降低 IFT,但其对润湿性改变的影响却是不利的。
更新日期:2022-01-06
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