It has been a prevailing picture that active regions on the solar surface originate from a strong toroidal magnetic field stored in the overshoot region at the base of the solar convection zone, generated by a deep seated solar dynamo mechanism. This article reviews the studies in regard to how the toroidal magnetic field can destabilize and rise through the convection zone to form the observed solar active regions at the surface. Furthermore, new results from the global simulations of the convective dynamos, and from the near-surface layer simulations of active region formation, together with helioseismic investigations of the pre-emergence active regions, are calling into question the picture of active regions as buoyantly rising flux tubes originating from the bottom of the convection zone. This article also gives a review on these new developments.

人们普遍认为，太阳表面的活跃区域源自太阳对流区底部超调区域中存储的强环形磁场，该磁场由深层太阳发电机机制产生。本文回顾了有关环形磁场如何不稳定并通过对流区上升以在表面形成观测到的太阳活动区域的研究。此外，对流发电机的全球模拟、活动区形成的近地表层模拟以及对出现前活动区的日震研究的新结果，正在对活动区正在快速上升的情况提出质疑。通量管源自对流区的底部。本文还对这些新进展进行了回顾。