Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae) 的物候学，一种来自南美洲季节性干旱生物多样性热点的受威胁物种,Plant Species Biology

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Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae) 的物候学，一种来自南美洲季节性干旱生物多样性热点的受威胁物种
Plant Species Biology ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-14 , DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12360
Rosane Segalla _{1,

2} , Fábio Pinheiro ₃ , Gudryan J. Baronio ₄ , Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira Morellato ₂

Affiliation

雌雄异体是所有苏铁植物共有的特征，需要强制性异交。缺乏潜在的异性生殖伴侣使个体实际上不育。因此，繁殖同步对于苏铁的繁殖成功至关重要。在这里，我们描述了南美洲特有的苏铁植物Zamia boliviana (Cycadales, Zamiaceae)的生殖物候、形态和寿命。我们检查了两个Z. boliviana中授粉和有卵个体之间成熟时间的变化人口。授粉和胚珠球菌的寿命是基于对球菌发育的直接观察和系统测量。物候研究涵盖了两个不同苏铁种群中的三个生殖队列。授粉球菌的寿命由四个阶段组成，持续 50 天，直到周期完成，而胚芽球菌经历了七个阶段，延长了 330 多天，直到种子开裂。两性在旱季都会产生 strobili。我们在Z. boliviana的生殖物候中发现了季节性同步模式，在性别、种群和随后年份之间的出苗、花粉释放和 strobili 接受性阶段有主要重叠。Z. boliviana的生殖事件遵循塞拉多植被和气候的季节性。两性种苗的生产高峰期与生殖活动高峰期同步，但在旱季出现种子开裂。我们的研究为Z. boliviana在其自然栖息地提供了相关的和新的生物学数据，证明了授粉和胚珠 strobili 的寿命之间的时间区别以及花粉的释放和接受性之间的必要重叠。

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Phenology of Zamia boliviana (Zamiaceae), a threatened species from a seasonally dry biodiversity hotspot in South America

Dioecy, a character common to all cycads, requires obligatory outcrossing. The absence of potential reproductive mates of the opposite sex renders individuals effectively sterile. Therefore, reproductive synchrony is essential for the reproductive success of cycads. Here, we describe the reproductive phenology, morphology, and lifespan of strobili of Zamia boliviana (Cycadales, Zamiaceae), an endemic cycad in South America. We examined the variation in timing of maturation between polliniferous and ovuliferous individuals in two Z. boliviana populations. Lifespan of polliniferous and ovuliferous strobili was based on direct observations and systematic measurements of strobili development. Phenological study covered three reproductive cohorts in two distinct cycad populations. Lifespan of polliniferous strobili was comprised of four phases and lasted 50 days until the cycle's completion, while ovuliferous strobili underwent seven phases that extended over 330 days until seed dehiscence. Both sexes produced strobili during the dry season. We identified a seasonally synchronous pattern in the reproductive phenology of Z. boliviana, with a major overlap in the phases of emergence, pollen release, and strobili receptivity between sexes, populations, and subsequent years. Reproductive events of Z. boliviana followed the seasonality of the Cerrado vegetation and climate. Synchrony between the period of strobili production and reproductive activity peaks was found in both sexes, but seed dehiscence occurred in the dry season. Our study provides relevant and new biological data for Z. boliviana in its natural habitat, demonstrating a temporal distinction between the lifespan of polliniferous and ovuliferous strobili and the necessary overlap between the release and receptivity of pollen.

更新日期：2021-12-14

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