先天免疫中的 Toll 样受体 (TLR)、NOD 样受体 (NLR) 和 RIG-I 样受体 (RLR)。TLRs、NLRs 和 RLRs 配体作为造血疾病的免疫治疗剂,International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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先天免疫中的 Toll 样受体 (TLR)、NOD 样受体 (NLR) 和 RIG-I 样受体 (RLR)。TLRs、NLRs 和 RLRs 配体作为造血疾病的免疫治疗剂
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-13 , DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413397
Katarzyna Wicherska-Pawłowska ₁ , Tomasz Wróbel ₁ , Justyna Rybka ₁

Affiliation

先天免疫系统在宿主抵御感染的第一道防线中发挥着关键作用，并配备有模式识别受体 (PRR)，可识别病原体相关分子模式 (PAMP) 和损伤相关分子模式 (DAMP)。几类 PRRS，包括 Toll 样受体 (TLR)、NOD 样受体 (NLR) 和 RIG-I 样受体 (RLR)，可识别不同的微生物成分并直接激活免疫细胞。TLRs是跨膜受体，而NLRs和RLRs是细胞内分子。将免疫细胞暴露于这些受体的配体会激活细胞内信号级联反应，这些级联反应迅速诱导参与炎症和免疫反应的各种重叠和独特基因的表达。先天免疫系统也影响参与癌症免疫监视的途径。TLRs、NLRs 或 RLRs 的天然和合成激动剂可以在恶性细胞中引发细胞死亡，将免疫细胞（如 DC、CD8+ T 细胞和 NK 细胞）募集到肿瘤微环境中，并且正在探索作为癌症免疫疗法中有前景的佐剂. 在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了 TLR、NLR 和 RLR：它们的结构、功能、信号通路和调控。我们还描述了这些受体的各种配体及其在治疗造血疾病中的可能应用。并且正在被探索作为癌症免疫疗法的有希望的佐剂。在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了 TLR、NLR 和 RLR：它们的结构、功能、信号通路和调控。我们还描述了这些受体的各种配体及其在治疗造血疾病中的可能应用。并且正在被探索作为癌症免疫疗法的有希望的佐剂。在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了 TLR、NLR 和 RLR：它们的结构、功能、信号通路和调控。我们还描述了这些受体的各种配体及其在治疗造血疾病中的可能应用。

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Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), NOD-like Receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs) in Innate Immunity. TLRs, NLRs and RLRs Ligands as Immunotherapeutic Agents for Hematopoietic Diseases

The innate immune system plays a pivotal role in the first line of host defense against infections and is equipped with patterns recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Several classes of PRRS, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize distinct microbial components and directly activate immune cells. TLRs are transmembrane receptors, while NLRs and RLRs are intracellular molecules. Exposure of immune cells to the ligands of these receptors activates intracellular signaling cascades that rapidly induce the expression of a variety of overlapping and unique genes involved in the inflammatory and immune responses. The innate immune system also influences pathways involved in cancer immunosurveillance. Natural and synthetic agonists of TLRs, NLRs, or RLRs can trigger cell death in malignant cells, recruit immune cells, such as DCs, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells, into the tumor microenvironment, and are being explored as promising adjuvants in cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we provide a concise overview of TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs: their structure, functions, signaling pathways, and regulation. We also describe various ligands for these receptors and their possible application in treatment of hematopoietic diseases.

更新日期：2021-12-13

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