Wide binary stars with similar components hosting planets provide a favorable opportunity for exploring the star–planet chemical connection. We perform a detailed characterization of the solar-type stars in the WASP-160 binary system. No planet has been reported yet around WASP-160A, while WASP-160B is known to host a transiting Saturn-mass planet, WASP-160B b. For this planet, we also derive updated properties from both literature and new observations. Furthermore, using TESS photometry, we constrain the presence of transiting planets around WASP-160A and additional ones around WASP-160B. The stellar characterization includes, for the first time, the computation of high-precision differential atmospheric and chemical abundances of 25 elements based on high-quality Gemini-GRACES spectra. Our analysis reveals evidence of a correlation between the differential abundances and the condensation temperatures of the elements. In particular, we find both a small but significant deficit of volatiles and an enhancement of refractory elements in WASP-160B relative to WASP-160A. After WASP-94, this is the second stellar pair among the shortlist of planet-hosting binaries showing this kind of peculiar chemical pattern. Although we discuss several plausible planet formation and evolution scenarios for WASP-160A and B that could explain the observed chemical pattern, none of them can be conclusively accepted or rejected. Future high-precision photometric and spectroscopic follow-up, as well as high-contrast imaging observations, of WASP-160A and B might provide further constraints on the real origin of the detected chemical differences.

中文翻译：

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WASP-160 二元系统的特殊化学模式：行星形成和演化的特征？

具有相似成分的宽双星承载行星为探索星-行星化学联系提供了有利的机会。我们对 WASP-160 双星系统中的太阳型恒星进行了详细的表征。目前还没有关于 WASP-160A 周围的行星的报道，而 WASP-160B 已知有一颗过境的土星质量行星 WASP-160B b。对于这个星球，我们还从文献和新观察中获得更新的属性。此外，使用 TESS 光度法，我们限制了 WASP-160A 周围的凌日行星和 WASP-160B 周围的其他行星的存在。恒星表征首次包括基于高质量 Gemini-GRACES 光谱计算 25 种元素的高精度差分大气和化学丰度。我们的分析揭示了不同丰度与元素冷凝温度之间相关性的证据。特别是，我们发现与 WASP-160A 相比，WASP-160B 中的挥发物存在少量但显着的不足和难熔元素的增强。在 WASP-94 之后，这是显示这种特殊化学模式的行星托管双星候选名单中的第二对恒星。尽管我们讨论了 WASP-160A 和 B 的几种可能的行星形成和演化情景，这些情景可以解释观察到的化学模式，但没有一个可以被最终接受或拒绝。未来对 WASP-160A 和 B 的高精度光度和光谱跟踪以及高对比度成像观察可能会进一步限制检测到的化学差异的真正来源。