Several recent studies have examined the prevention, causes, and consequences of insufficient effort responding (IER) to surveys. Scientific progress in this area, however, rests on the availability of construct-valid IER measures. In the current paper we describe the potential merits of the page time index, which is computed by counting the number of questionnaire pages to which a participant has responded more quickly than two seconds per item (see Huang et al., 2012). We conducted three studies (total N = 1,056) to examine the page time index's construct validity. Across these studies, we found that page time converged highly with other IER indices, that it was sensitive to an experimental manipulation warning participants to respond carefully, and that it predicted the extent to which participants were unable to recognize item content. We also found that page time's validity was superior to that of total completion time and that the two-seconds-per-item rule yielded a construct-valid page time score for items of various word lengths. Given its apparent validity, we provide practical recommendations for the use of the page time index.

最近的几项研究检查了对调查的努力响应不足 (IER) 的预防、原因和后果。然而，该领域的科学进步取决于构建有效的 IER 措施的可用性。在当前的论文中，我们描述了页面时间指数的潜在优点，该指数是通过计算参与者对每个项目的响应速度超过两秒的问卷页面数量来计算的（参见 Huang 等，2012）。我们进行了三项研究（总共N = 1,056) 来检查页面时间索引的构造有效性。在这些研究中，我们发现页面时间与其他 IER 指数高度收敛，它对警告参与者小心回应的实验操作很敏感，并且它预测了参与者无法识别项目内容的程度。我们还发现页面时间的有效性优于总完成时间的有效性，并且每项两秒规则为各种字长的项目产生了构造有效的页面时间分数。鉴于其明显的有效性，我们为页面时间索引的使用提供了实用的建议。