Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (Trans-PRK), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) are three mainstay refractive surgeries worldwide. The applicability, efficacy, safety, and predictability of these different techniques are quite similar. Trans-PRK has the strongest biostability, earliest return to normal corneal sensitivity but the longest recovery time, most uncomfortable postoperative experience, and possibility of corneal haze. LASIK possesses the fastest visual rehabilitation but the slowest corneal nerve reinnervation, and flap displacement is possibly lifelong. SMILE incurs no flap-related complications and has intermediate vision recovery time and biomechanics compared with Trans-PRK and LASIK. However, it lacks the cyclotorsion-compensation system, eye-tracking system, and customized treatment profile for high astigmatism or irregular corneal surface. This review aims to introduce the mechanisms, pros, and cons of these three types of refractive surgery. With full understanding, practitioners could advise patients on the most suitable treatment of choice.

中文翻译：

---

LASIK、Trans-PRK、SMILE矫正近视的临床效果比较

经上皮屈光性角膜切削术（Trans-PRK）、激光辅助原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）和小切口角膜基质透镜摘除术（SMILE）是世界范围内三种主要的屈光手术。这些不同技术的适用性、有效性、安全性和可预测性非常相似。Trans-PRK生物稳定性最强，角膜敏感性最早恢复，但恢复时间最长，术后体验最不舒服，可能出现角膜混浊。LASIK 拥有最快的视力康复，但角膜神经神经恢复最慢，并且瓣移位可能是终生的。与 Trans-PRK 和 LASIK 相比，SMILE 不会产生与皮瓣相关的并发症，并且具有中等的视力恢复时间和生物力学。然而，它缺乏旋转补偿系统、眼球追踪系统以及针对高散光或不规则角膜表面的定制治疗方案。本文旨在介绍这三种屈光手术的机制、优缺点。在充分理解的情况下，医生可以建议患者选择最合适的治疗方法。