在水生环境中暴露于抗抑郁药物的鱼类可能产生不利影响,Environmental Science & Technology

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在水生环境中暴露于抗抑郁药物的鱼类可能产生不利影响
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-02 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04724
Sophie L Gould ₁ , Matthew J Winter ₁ , William H J Norton ₂ , Charles R Tyler ₁

Affiliation

抗抑郁药是治疗精神疾病最常用的药物类别之一。它们通过调节大脑单胺能信号系统（主要是血清素能、肾上腺素能、多巴胺能）发挥作用，这些系统在不同的动物门中表现出高度的结构保守性。因此，一个合理的假设是，接触的鱼类和其他水生野生动物可能会受到释放到自然环境中的抗抑郁药物的影响。事实上，有大量关于鱼类暴露影响的数据报告，尽管大多数报告的暴露浓度超过了自然环境中的暴露浓度。通过对鱼类影响的现有证据进行批判性分析，风险商数 (RQ) 源自对水生环境中最常检测到的一系列抗抑郁药物的实验室研究。我们得出的结论是，对于自然环境中发生的暴露水平而言，风险评估中使用的标准测量终点（即排除对行为的影响）对鱼类产生影响的可能性较低。然而，据报道，环境相关暴露会对行为产生一些影响，并且抗抑郁药可以在鱼类组织中生物累积。用于计算 RQ 的数据集的局限性揭示了重要的差距，未来的研究应更准确地评估抗抑郁药对鱼类造成的风险。要进一步确定抗抑郁药对鱼类的风险，需要更多地关注与个人健康、环境现实暴露水平的使用、长期暴露情景以及混合物分析有关的行为的影响，特别是考虑到释放的作用相似的化合物范围很广进入环境。

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The potential for adverse effects in fish exposed to antidepressants in the aquatic environment

Antidepressants are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical classes for the treatment of psychiatric conditions. They act via modulation of brain monoaminergic signaling systems (predominantly serotonergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic) that show a high degree of structural conservation across diverse animal phyla. A reasonable assumption, therefore, is that exposed fish and other aquatic wildlife may be affected by antidepressants released into the natural environment. Indeed, there are substantial data reported for exposure effects in fish, albeit most are reported for exposure concentrations exceeding those occurring in natural environments. From a critical analysis of the available evidence for effects in fish, risk quotients (RQs) were derived from laboratory-based studies for a selection of antidepressants most commonly detected in the aquatic environment. We conclude that the likelihood for effects in fish on standard measured end points used in risk assessment (i.e., excluding effects on behavior) is low for levels of exposure occurring in the natural environment. Nevertheless, some effects on behavior have been reported for environmentally relevant exposures, and antidepressants can bioaccumulate in fish tissues. Limitations in the datasets used to calculate RQs revealed important gaps in which future research should be directed to more accurately assess the risks posed by antidepressants to fish. Developing greater certainty surrounding risk of antidepressants to fish requires more attention directed toward effects on behaviors relating to individual fitness, the employment of environmentally realistic exposure levels, on chronic exposure scenarios, and on mixtures analyses, especially given the wide range of similarly acting compounds released into the environment.

更新日期：2021-12-21

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