Among the great diversity of atmospheric circulation patterns observed throughout the solar system, polar vortices stand out as a nearly ubiquitous planetary-scale phenomenon. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the observation of planetary polar vortices, culminating in the fascinating discovery of Jupiter's polar vortex clusters during the Juno mission. Alongside these observational advances has been a major effort to understand polar vortex dynamics using theory, idealized and comprehensive numerical models, and laboratory experiments. Here, we review our current knowledge of planetary polar vortices, highlighting both the diversity of their structures, as well as fundamental dynamical similarities. We propose a new convention of vortex classification, which adequately captures all those observed in our solar system, and demonstrates the key role of polar vortices in the global circulation, transport, and climate of all planets. We discuss where knowledge gaps remain, and the observational, experimental, and theoretical advances needed to address them. In particular, as the diversity of both solar system and exoplanetary data increases exponentially, there is now a unique opportunity to unify our understanding of polar vortices under a single dynamical framework.

中文翻译：

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行星大气中的极涡

在整个太阳系观察到的多种多样的大气环流模式中，极地涡旋是一种几乎无处不在的行星尺度现象。近年来，行星极地涡旋的观测取得了重大进展，最终在朱诺号任务期间惊人地发现了木星极地涡旋团。除了这些观测进展外，还做出了一项重大努力，即使用理论、理想化和综合数值模型以及实验室实验来理解极地涡旋动力学。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对行星极地涡旋的了解，强调了它们结构的多样性以及基本的动力学相似性。我们提出了一种新的涡旋分类惯例，它充分捕捉了我们太阳系中观察到的所有涡旋，并展示了极地涡旋在所有行星的全球环流、运输和气候中的关键作用。我们讨论了知识差距仍然存在的地方，以及解决这些差距所需的观察、实验和理论进步。特别是，随着太阳系和系外行星数据的多样性呈指数级增长，现在有一个独特的机会可以在单一动力学框架下统一我们对极地涡旋的理解。