Austalides, a series of natural meroterpenoids, were mainly isolated from marine-derived fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. To date, a total of 38 austalides have been reported, which are divided into five subclasses including 5/6/6/6 tetracyclic, 5/6/6/6/6 pentacyclic, 5/6/6/6/7 pentacyclic, 5/6/6/6/6/5 hexacyclic, and 5/6/6/6/5/6/5 heptacyclic types. Biogenetically, austalides are derived from 6-[(2E,6E) farnesyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalide, and have been found to possess diversified bioactivities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifouling, promoter enhancement, as well as α-glucosidase, AP-1 transcription factor, endo-1,3-β-d-glucanase and osteoclast diff ;erentiation inhibitory effects. Their unusual molecular frameworks and diverse biological activities have also attracted great interest of synthetic scientists to synthesize them. This review describes the research progress on the chemical structures, bioactivities and synthesis of austalides since 1981, and aim to provide a scientific basis for the discovery and utilization of austalides.

Austalides 是一系列天然类萜，主要分离自海洋来源的真菌属曲霉属和青霉属。迄今为止，共报道了38种austalides，分为5个亚类，包括5/6/6/6四环、5/6/6/6/6五环、5/6/6/6/7五环、 5/6/6/6/6/5 六环和 5/6/6/6/5/6/5 七环类型。生物遗传学上，austalides 来源于 6-[(2E,6E) farnesyl]-5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylphthalide，已被发现具有多种生物活性，如抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、防污、促进剂增强，以及α-葡萄糖苷酶、AP-1 转录因子、endo-1,3- β - d-葡聚糖酶和破骨细胞分化抑制作用。它们不寻常的分子框架和多样化的生物活性也引起了合成科学家对合成它们的极大兴趣。本文综述了1981年以来austalides的化学结构、生物活性和合成方面的研究进展，旨在为austalides的发现和利用提供科学依据。