Creating sustainable employment-that is, a condition in which employees remain productive but also enjoy good health and well-being-is a challenge for many organizations. Work environment factors are major contributors to these employee outcomes. The job demands-resources model categorizes work environment factors into demands versus resources, which are, respectively, detrimental versus beneficial to employee outcomes. Although conceptualized as workplace factors, these job characteristics have been studied mostly at an individual level. Therefore, their roles at the supraindividual level (i.e., any work-unit level above an individual, such as group or organization) for employee productivity, health, and well-being remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence concerning job resources and job demands at the supraindividual level and their relationships to productivity, health, and work-related well-being. The review covers articles published through December 2018. In total, 202 papers met the inclusion criteria. We found stronger support for the beneficial roles of supraindividual job resources than for the detrimental roles of job demands for productivity and work-related well-being. Regarding health, most of the relationships were found to be nonsignificant. To conclude, this review demonstrates that, at the supraindividual level, the motivational path has received more support than the health impairment path. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for further research and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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超越个人：对单位层面需求和资源对员工生产力、健康和幸福的影响的系统评价。

创造可持续的就业——即员工保持生产力但也享有良好的健康和福祉的条件——是许多组织面临的挑战。工作环境因素是这些员工成果的主要贡献者。工作需求-资源模型将工作环境因素分类为需求与资源，分别对员工成果有害与有益。尽管被概念化为工作场所因素，但这些工作特征主要在个人层面进行了研究。因此，他们在超个人层面（即高于个人的任何工作单位层面，如团体或组织）在员工生产力、健康和幸福方面的作用仍不清楚。本系统评价的目的是综合有关超个人层面的工作资源和工作需求的证据，以及它们与生产力、健康和与工作相关的幸福感的关系。审查涵盖截至 2018 年 12 月发表的文章。总共有 202 篇论文符合纳入标准。我们发现对超个人工作资源的有益作用的支持比对工作需求对生产力和工作相关福祉的有害作用的支持更大。关于健康，大多数关系被发现是无关紧要的。总而言之，本综述表明，在超个体层面，动机路径比健康损害路径获得了更多的支持。基于这些发现，我们为进一步的研究和实践提供了建议。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，