Neonicotinoid-based pesticides are extensively used owing to their broad insecticidal spectrum and activity. We developed neonicotinoid dinotefuran (DIN)-loaded chitosan-gelatin microspheres using a spray-drying technology, resulting in a pH- and temperature-responsive controlled-release system. Upon introducing chitosan into the triple-helix structure of gelatin, the physically modified gelatin microspheres became smooth, round, and solid, improving their thermal storage stability. The spray-drying parameters were optimized using three-dimensional surface plots. When scaled up under optimal conditions, the corresponding loading content and encapsulation efficiency were 21.5% and 98.17%, respectively. Compared with commercial dinotefuran granules, our biodegradable composite carriers achieved the immobilization of dinotefuran to reduce pesticide leaching by 5.57–19.89% in soil, improved the soil half-life of DIN, and improved its cumulative absorption by plants. Therefore, the microspheres showed better efficacy against Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Our results confirm that this simple approach can improve the utilization efficiency of neonicotinoids, decrease leaching loss, and promote ecological safety.

新烟碱类农药因其广泛的杀虫谱和活性而被广泛使用。我们使用喷雾干燥技术开发了负载新烟碱类呋喃 (DIN) 的壳聚糖-明胶微球，从而形成了一个 pH 值和温度响应控制释放系统。将壳聚糖引入明胶的三螺旋结构后，经物理改性的明胶微球变得光滑、圆润、坚固，提高了其热储存稳定性。使用三维表面图优化喷雾干燥参数。在最佳条件下按比例放大时，相应的负载量和包封率分别为 21.5% 和 98.17%。与市售的呋虫胺颗粒相比，我们的可生物降解复合载体实现了呋虫胺的固定化，使土壤中农药的浸出减少了 5.57-19.89%，提高了 DIN 的土壤半衰期，并提高了其对植物的累积吸收。因此，微球显示出更好的抗汽绿粉虱。我们的结果证实，这种简单的方法可以提高新烟碱类物质的利用效率，减少浸出损失，促进生态安全。