The overuse of antibiotics and their disposal without processing are leading the environment and its inhabitants towards a serious health emergency. There is abundance of diverse antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria in environment, which demands immediate attention for the effective removal of antibiotics. There are physical and chemical methods for removal, but the generation of toxic byproducts has directed the efforts towards bioremediation for eco-friendly and sustainable elimination of antibiotics from the environment. Various effective and reliable bioremediation approaches have been used, but still antibiotic residues pose a major global threat. Recent developments in molecular and synthetic biology might offer better solution for engineering of microbe-metabolite biodevices and development of novel strains endowed with desirable properties. This review summarizes the impact of antibiotics on environment, mechanisms of resistance development, and different bioremediation approaches.

中文翻译：

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环境中的抗生素残留：抗生素耐药性发展、生态风险和生物修复。

抗生素的过度使用及其未经处理的处置正在导致环境及其居民面临严重的健康紧急情况。环境中存在丰富多样的抗生素抗性基因和细菌，需要立即关注抗生素的有效去除。有物理和化学方法可以去除，但有毒副产物的产生已将努力转向生物修复，以生态友好和可持续地消除环境中的抗生素。已经使用了各种有效和可靠的生物修复方法，但抗生素残留仍然构成主要的全球威胁。分子和合成生物学的最新发展可能为微生物代谢物生物装置的工程设计和具有理想特性的新菌株的开发提供更好的解决方案。本综述总结了抗生素对环境的影响、耐药性发展的机制以及不同的生物修复方法。