层粘连蛋白调节少突胶质细胞发育和髓鞘形成,Glia

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层粘连蛋白调节少突胶质细胞发育和髓鞘形成
Glia ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-12 , DOI: 10.1002/glia.24117
Minkyung Kang ₁ , Yao Yao ₁

Affiliation

少突胶质细胞是使轴突形成髓鞘并为中枢神经系统中的神经元提供营养支持的细胞。它们的功能障碍与一组称为脱髓鞘疾病的疾病有关，例如多发性硬化症。少突胶质细胞来源于少突胶质细胞前体细胞，其分化成前髓鞘少突胶质细胞并最终成熟少突胶质细胞。少突胶质细胞的发育和功能受到多种分子的严格调控，包括层粘连蛋白，一种细胞外基质的主要蛋白质。越来越多的证据表明，层粘连蛋白积极调节少突胶质细胞生物学的各个方面，包括存活、迁移、增殖、分化和髓鞘形成。层粘连蛋白如何在少突胶质细胞中发挥如此多样的功能？据推测，不同的层粘连蛋白异构体，层粘连蛋白受体和/或在不同发育阶段在少突胶质细胞中表达的关键信号分子是原因。了解少突胶质细胞生物学各个方面特有的分子靶点和信号通路，将能够更准确地操纵少突胶质细胞的发育和功能，这可能对脱髓鞘疾病的治疗产生影响。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了少突胶质细胞生物学，然后介绍了少突胶质细胞和其他 CNS 细胞中层粘连蛋白和层粘连蛋白受体的表达。接下来，详细讨论层粘连蛋白在少突胶质细胞生物学中的功能，包括存活、迁移、增殖、分化和髓鞘形成。最后，讨论了该领域的关键问题和挑战。通过对层粘连蛋白进行全面审查

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Laminin regulates oligodendrocyte development and myelination

Oligodendrocytes are the cells that myelinate axons and provide trophic support to neurons in the CNS. Their dysfunction has been associated with a group of disorders known as demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Oligodendrocytes are derived from oligodendrocyte precursor cells, which differentiate into premyelinating oligodendrocytes and eventually mature oligodendrocytes. The development and function of oligodendrocytes are tightly regulated by a variety of molecules, including laminin, a major protein of the extracellular matrix. Accumulating evidence suggests that laminin actively regulates every aspect of oligodendrocyte biology, including survival, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. How can laminin exert such diverse functions in oligodendrocytes? It is speculated that the distinct laminin isoforms, laminin receptors, and/or key signaling molecules expressed in oligodendrocytes at different developmental stages are the reasons. Understanding molecular targets and signaling pathways unique to each aspect of oligodendrocyte biology will enable more accurate manipulation of oligodendrocyte development and function, which may have implications in the therapies of demyelinating diseases. Here in this review, we first introduce oligodendrocyte biology, followed by the expression of laminin and laminin receptors in oligodendrocytes and other CNS cells. Next, the functions of laminin in oligodendrocyte biology, including survival, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination, are discussed in detail. Last, key questions and challenges in the field are discussed. By providing a comprehensive review on laminin's roles in OL lineage cells, we hope to stimulate novel hypotheses and encourage new research in the field.

更新日期：2022-01-05

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