<br>印度西高止山脉系统发育多样性和特有现象的空间模式：使用古代掠食性节肢动物的案例研究,Ecology and Evolution

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印度西高止山脉系统发育多样性和特有现象的空间模式：使用古代掠食性节肢动物的案例研究
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-12 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8119
D K Bharti ₁ , Gregory D Edgecombe ₂ , K Praveen Karanth ₃ , Jahnavi Joshi ₁

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印度半岛的西高止山脉 (WG) 山脉是全球生物多样性热点地区，其中各个类群的系统发育多样性和特有性模式仍有待记录。我们利用工作组的一个特征明确的古代土壤掠食性节肢动物群落来了解多样性梯度，识别特有现象和保护重要性的热点，并突出显示具有独特生物多样性的研究不足的地区。我们编制了 19 种蜈蚣的出现数据集，用于利用 Maxent 中的生物气候和地貌变量来预测栖息地适宜性区域。我们使用预测的分布和时间校准的物种系统发育来计算多样性、特有性和周转的分类学和系统发育指数。我们观察到工作组中分类学和系统发育多样性的纬度梯度下降，这支持了纬度多样性梯度的预期。南部WG具有最高的系统发育多样性和特有性，并且从相对系统发育多样性/特有性观察到，以具有长分支长度的谱系为代表。这些结果表明，南部 WG 的谱系在进化过程中持续存在，并且与南部 WG 避难所假说的预测一致。北部WG尽管系统发育多样性较低，但具有较高的系统发育特有性价值，由相对系统发育特有性推断出的不同谱系所代表。该次区域独特的特有谱系可能适应了土壤条件较差、季节性强的红土高原的生活。重要的生物地理断点——帕尔加特断口（Palghat Gap）上的地点，在比较工作组沿线的物种更替时大致分开分组。南部的 WG 和尼尔吉里斯毗邻帕尔加特峡，拥有独特的蜈蚣群落，气候或扩散障碍在形成多样性方面的因果作用仍有待研究。我们的结果强调在评估工作组的多样性和特有模式时需要使用系统发育和分布数据。

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Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism in the Western Ghats, India: A case study using ancient predatory arthropods

The Western Ghats (WG) mountain chain in peninsular India is a global biodiversity hotspot, one in which patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism remain to be documented across taxa. We used a well-characterized community of ancient soil predatory arthropods from the WG to understand diversity gradients, identify hotspots of endemism and conservation importance, and highlight poorly studied areas with unique biodiversity. We compiled an occurrence dataset for 19 species of scolopendrid centipedes, which was used to predict areas of habitat suitability using bioclimatic and geomorphological variables in Maxent. We used predicted distributions and a time-calibrated species phylogeny to calculate taxonomic and phylogenetic indices of diversity, endemism, and turnover. We observed a decreasing latitudinal gradient in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in the WG, which supports expectations from the latitudinal diversity gradient. The southern WG had the highest phylogenetic diversity and endemism, and was represented by lineages with long branch lengths as observed from relative phylogenetic diversity/endemism. These results indicate the persistence of lineages over evolutionary time in the southern WG and are consistent with predictions from the southern WG refuge hypothesis. The northern WG, despite having low phylogenetic diversity, had high values of phylogenetic endemism represented by distinct lineages as inferred from relative phylogenetic endemism. The distinct endemic lineages in this subregion might be adapted to life in lateritic plateaus characterized by poor soil conditions and high seasonality. Sites across an important biogeographic break, the Palghat Gap, broadly grouped separately in comparisons of species turnover along the WG. The southern WG and Nilgiris, adjoining the Palghat Gap, harbor unique centipede communities, where the causal role of climate or dispersal barriers in shaping diversity remains to be investigated. Our results highlight the need to use phylogeny and distribution data while assessing diversity and endemism patterns in the WG.

更新日期：2021-12-14

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