石斛毒蛙及其近亲（两栖类：Anura：Dendrobatoidea）手部两性外皮肿胀的结构和进化,Journal of Anatomy

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石斛毒蛙及其近亲（两栖类：Anura：Dendrobatoidea）手部两性外皮肿胀的结构和进化
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-11-09 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13569
Isabela Rodrigues de Souza Cavalcanti ₁ , María Celeste Luna ₂ , Julián Faivovich _{2,

3} , Taran Grant ₁

Affiliation

许多树突毒蛙的成年雄性及其亲属的手具有由腺体组织形成的肿胀，这些腺体组织被假设为分泌在头丛期间传递给雌性的求偶信息素。几十年来，手指IV肿胀的发生和外部形态的变化为树突状细胞系统学提供了重要证据，但其潜在结构尚未得到研究。我们对代表树突蛙和几个近亲的多样性的 36 个物种的手的外皮进行了详细的比较分析，包括外部形态和组织学。肿胀是由四种密集的、肥大的、形态组织化学类型的特殊粘液腺 (SMG) 引起的。我们在手指 II-V 和手腕上观察到 I 型 SMG，包括未肿胀的区域，II型和IV型仅在手指IV上，III型在手指IV和手腕上。I 型 SMG 单独出现或与 II、III 或 IV 型一起出现；II、III 和 IV 型永远不会一起出现或没有 I 型出现。我们划定了 15 个字符来解释外部形态的变化和 SMG 的发生。我们的数据表明，I 型 SMG 是 Dendrobatoidea 的新突触，II 型 SMG 起源于 Dendrobatidae 的最近共同祖先 (MRCA) 或独立于 Aromobatidae 和 Colostethinae 的 MRCA，而 III 型和 IV 型受到限制至和 IV 永远不会一起出现或没有 I 型。我们划定了 15 个字符来解释外部形态的变化和 SMG 的出现。我们的数据表明，I 型 SMG 是 Dendrobatoidea 的新突触，II 型 SMG 起源于 Dendrobatidae 的最近共同祖先 (MRCA) 或独立于 Aromobatidae 和 Colostethinae 的 MRCA，而 III 型和 IV 型受到限制至和 IV 永远不会一起出现或没有 I 型。我们划定了 15 个字符来解释外部形态的变化和 SMG 的出现。我们的数据表明，I 型 SMG 是 Dendrobatoidea 的新突触，II 型 SMG 起源于 Dendrobatidae 的最近共同祖先 (MRCA) 或独立于 Aromobatidae 和 Colostethinae 的 MRCA，而 III 型和 IV 型受到限制至舌异常。这些 SMG 的发现为毒蛙生殖生物学研究增加了一个新维度，该研究几十年来一直在研究跨越石斛科多样性的求偶、交配和父母照顾中的声学、视觉和触觉线索，但几乎完全忽视了可能的作用的化学线索。

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Structure and evolution of the sexually dimorphic integumentary swelling on the hands of dendrobatid poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Anura: Dendrobatoidea)

The hands of adult males of many dendrobatid poison frogs and their relatives possess swelling formed by glandular tissue hypothesized to secrete courtship pheromones delivered to the female during cephalic amplexus. Variation in the occurrence and external morphology of the swelling of finger IV has provided important evidence for dendrobatoid systematics for decades, but its underlying structure has not been investigated. We undertook a detailed comparative analysis of the integument of the hand, including both external morphology and histology, of 36 species representing the diversity of dendrobatoid frogs and several close relatives. The swelling is caused by four densely packed, hypertrophic, morpho-histochemical types of specialized mucous glands (SMGs). We observed type I SMGs on fingers II–V and the wrist, including areas that are not swollen, types II and IV exclusively on finger IV, and type III on finger IV and the wrist. Type I SMGs occur either in isolation or together with types II, III, or IV; types II, III, and IV never occur together or without type I. We delimited 15 characters to account for the variation in external morphology and the occurrence of SMGs. Our data suggest that type I SMGs are a new synapomorphy for Dendrobatoidea and that type II SMGs originated in either the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Dendrobatidae or independently in the MRCAs of Aromobatidae and Colostethinae, respectively, while types III and IV are restricted to Anomaloglossus. The discovery of these SMGs adds a new dimension to studies of poison frog reproductive biology, which have investigated acoustic, visual, and tactile cues in courtship, mating, and parental care across the diversity of Dendrobatoidea for decades but have almost entirely overlooked the possible role of chemical cues.

更新日期：2021-11-09

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