The distribution and diversification processes of freshwater fishes have been influenced by tecto-volcanic and climatic events that have in turn promoted genesis, destruction, and numerous changes in the drainage networks, leaving complex phylogeographic patterns in the ichthyofauna of highly dynamic regions such as central Mexico. In this study, we evaluated the evolutionary history of the Aztec shiner Aztecula sallaei, which is distributed in currently isolated drainages in the highlands of central Mexico, performing phylogenetic, biogeographic, and phylogeographic analyses using three genes: the mitochondrial cytb and two nuclear genes, S7 and ACTB. The studied populations show three genetically divergent and structured lineages: two are exclusive to the Panuco biogeographic region and the third is widely distributed in the Upper Lerma, Middle Lerma, Cuitzeo, and Balsas (Zempoala Lakes) biogeographic regions, as well as one population in Panuco. This widely distributed lineage also presents a genetic structure that is congruent with these biogeographic regions supported by the cytb gene and partially supported by the S7 gene. The divergence time of these lineages was dated to the Pleistocene period (0.56–2.79 Mya) and was associated with temporally or spatially independent events of river capture, which promoted the exchange of fishes between the river headwaters followed by subsequent isolation, explaining the current distribution of this cyprinid in neighboring but currently isolated basins. Our results indicate that, in the highlands of central Mexico, tecto-volcanic activity has shaped the geographic ranges, diversification, and phylogeographic patterns of freshwater fishes.

中文翻译：

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阿兹台克人的进化史 Aztecula sallaei (Günther, 1868) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): 墨西哥特有的单型物种

淡水鱼类的分布和多样化过程受到构造火山和气候事件的影响，这些事件反过来促进了排水网络的成因、破坏和众多变化，在墨西哥中部等高度动态地区的鱼群中留下了复杂的系统地理模式. 在这项研究中，我们评估了 Aztec Shiner Aztecula sallaei的进化历史，它分布在墨西哥中部高地目前孤立的排水系统中，使用三个基因进行系统发育、生物地理学和系统地理学分析：线粒体cytb和两个核基因，S7和ACTB. 所研究的种群显示出三个遗传上不同和结构化的谱系：两个是 Panuco 生物地理区域独有的，第三个广泛分布在上莱尔马、中莱尔马、Cuitzeo 和巴尔萨斯（Zempoala 湖）生物地理区域，以及一个人口在帕努科。这种广泛分布的谱系还呈现出与这些由cytb基因支持并部分由S7支持的生物地理区域一致的遗传结构基因。这些谱系的分歧时间可以追溯到更新世时期（0.56-2.79 Mya），并且与河流捕获的时间或空间独立事件有关，这促进了河流源头之间的鱼类交换，然后是随后的隔离，解释了当前的分布这种鲤科鱼在邻近但目前孤立的盆地。我们的研究结果表明，在墨西哥中部的高地，构造火山活动塑造了淡水鱼类的地理范围、多样化和系统地理模式。