嗅觉障碍中嗅觉异常和幻嗅症的患病率和相关性,Chemical Senses

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嗅觉障碍中嗅觉异常和幻嗅症的患病率和相关性
Chemical Senses ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-25 , DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab046
Robert Pellegrino _{1,

2} , Joel D Mainland _{1,

3} , Christine E Kelly ₄ , Jane K Parker ₅ , Thomas Hummel ₆

Affiliation

在许多气味敏感性降低（嗅觉减退/嗅觉丧失）的个体中，有些个体还患有导致气味扭曲的疾病，例如嗅觉异常（即已知来源的扭曲气味）或气味幻觉（即没有气味的气味感觉）来源）。我们对至少患有一种嗅觉障碍的大量人群进行了调查（N = 2031），发现气味扭曲很常见（46%），受访者报告有嗅觉异常（19%）、幻嗅症（11%）或两者兼而有之（16%）。与嗅觉减退或嗅觉缺失的受访者相比，嗅觉异常的受访者更可能是女性、年轻且患有病毒后嗅觉丧失的人（P < 0.001），而幻嗅症的受访者更可能是中年人（P < 0.001）。 < 0.01）并出现头部外伤引起的症状（P < 0.01）。此外，与幻嗅或嗅觉丧失/嗅觉减退相比，嗅觉异常在嗅觉症状出现后3个月至一年最为普遍(P＜0.001)，这与生理恢复的时间线一致。最后，我们观察到扭曲的频率和持续时间对生活质量产生负面影响，嗅觉异常的严重程度高于幻嗅（P < 0.001）。以前的研究经常将这些扭曲归为一类，但我们的结果表明，它们在人口统计、病史和生活质量下降方面具有不同的模式。

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Prevalence and correlates of parosmia and phantosmia among smell disorders

Among those many individuals who experience a reduced odor sensitivity (hyposmia/anosmia), some individuals also have disorders that lead to odor distortion, such as parosmia (i.e. distorted odor with a known source), or odor phantoms (i.e. odor sensation without an odor source). We surveyed a large population with at least one olfactory disorder (N = 2031) and found that odor distortions were common (46%), with respondents reporting either parosmia (19%), phantosmia (11%), or both (16%). In comparison to respondents with hyposmia or anosmia, respondents with parosmia were more likely to be female, young, and suffering from post-viral olfactory loss (P < 0.001), while respondents with phantosmia were more likely to be middle-aged (P < 0.01) and experiencing symptoms caused by head trauma (P < 0.01). In addition, parosmia, compared to phantosmia or anosmia/hyposmia, was most prevalent 3 months to a year after olfactory symptom onset (P < 0.001), which coincides with the timeline of physiological recovery. Finally, we observed that the frequency and duration of distortions negatively affects the quality of life, with parosmia showing a higher range of severity than phantosmia (P < 0.001). Previous research often grouped these distortions together, but our results show that they have distinct patterns of demographics, medical history, and loss in quality of life.

更新日期：2021-10-25

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