<br>水生甲壳类（甲壳类：等足类：Asellidae）物种复合体洞穴与地表种群的平行形态进化和栖息地依赖的性二态性,Ecology and Evolution

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水生甲壳类（甲壳类：等足类：Asellidae）物种复合体洞穴与地表种群的平行形态进化和栖息地依赖的性二态性
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-20 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8233
Gergely Balázs ₁ , Anna Biró ₁ , Žiga Fišer ₂ , Cene Fišer ₂ , Gábor Herczeg ₁

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研究平行进化（相似环境中相似表型的重复、独立进化）是理解环境依赖性选择力的有力工具。反复且独立地在洞穴中定居的地表物种为此类研究提供了独特的模型。主要生活在地表的Asellus Aquatus物种复合体是进行此类研究的良好候选者，因为它在欧洲的几个洞穴中定居。通过比较A. Aquaticus物种复合体的 6 个洞穴种群和 9 个地表种群的 17 种功能形态特征，我们研究了种群在形态和两性二态性方面的差异。我们发现 17 个性状中有 10 个存在依赖栖息地的种群差异，这可能反映了栖息地驱动的选择变化对感觉系统、进食、梳理和反捕食机制的影响。性别二态性存在于 15 个性状中，解释为性选择作用于雄性性状，这些性状在雄性之间的竞争行为或配偶保护中很重要，而生育力选择作用于影响后代数量和哺乳的女性性状。在八个性状中，两性异形的程度取决于栖息地。我们得出的结论是，与洞穴相关的形态变化具有高度的性状和功能特异性，并且洞穴和地表栖息地之间的性/繁殖力选择的强度存在很大差异。栖息地类型内的巨大种群差异需要进一步研究，以揭示除了平行模式之外的洞穴特定适应。

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Parallel morphological evolution and habitat-dependent sexual dimorphism in cave- vs. surface populations of the Asellus aquaticus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae) species complex

Studying parallel evolution (repeated, independent evolution of similar phenotypes in similar environments) is a powerful tool to understand environment-dependent selective forces. Surface-dwelling species that repeatedly and independently colonized caves provide unique models for such studies. The primarily surface-dwelling Asellus aquaticus species complex is a good candidate to carry out such research, because it colonized several caves in Europe. By comparing 17 functional morphological traits between six cave and nine surface populations of the A. aquaticus species complex, we investigated population divergence in morphology and sexual dimorphism. We found habitat-dependent population divergence in 10 out of 17 traits, likely reflecting habitat-driven changes in selection acting on sensory systems, feeding, grooming, and antipredator mechanisms. Sexual dimorphism was present in 15 traits, explained by sexual selection acting on male traits important in male–male agonistic behavior or mate guarding and fecundity selection acting on female traits affecting offspring number and nursing. In eight traits, the degree of sexual dimorphism was habitat dependent. We conclude that cave-related morphological changes are highly trait- and function-specific and that the strength of sexual/fecundity selection strongly differs between cave and surface habitats. The considerable population variation within habitat type warrants further studies to reveal cave-specific adaptations besides the parallel patterns.

更新日期：2021-11-07

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