Background

Selenium-enriched mushrooms represent an important daily source of selenium in food products. Selenium is an essential micronutrient that enhances various biological activities, including the antioxidant, antitumor, and immune-regulatory properties of mushrooms.

Scope and approach

From the perspective of how selenium influences the growth and metabolism of mushrooms during the process of selenium biofortification, this review summarizes recent literature regarding mushroom growth phenotypes, major selenium metabolites, particularly selenium-polysaccharide, selenium-protein, and selenoamino acid, as well as other bioactive metabolites. In addition, a proposed selenium metabolic pathway is presented in well-studied mushrooms, thus providing a basis for further research on selenium metabolism.

Key findings and conclusions

Selenium-enriched mushroom cultivation primarily uses sodium selenite as the selenium source. However, although adding selenium at low concentrations promotes mushroom growth, high concentrations have the opposite effect. Nevertheless, selenium enrichment cultivation is a valid strategy for improving bioactivity as mushrooms can transform inorganic selenium into numerous important organic selenium metabolites, particularly selenium-polysaccharides, selenium-proteins and selenoamino acids. In addition, phenolics and flavonoids, basic amino acids, cordycepin, and adenosine are enhanced in mushrooms supplied a moderate level of selenium. This characterization of the unique aspects of the proposed selenium metabolism pathway in Ganoderma lucidum advances provides insights regarding selenium metabolism in mushrooms. Consequently, understanding the effect of selenium on mushroom growth and metabolism will improve the production of mushrooms with high bioactive Se metabolite content and good bioactivity, while contributing to the development and application of selenium-enriched mushrooms in the food industry.

中文翻译：

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硒对蘑菇生长和代谢的影响：综述

背景

富硒蘑菇是食品中硒的重要日常来源。硒是一种必需的微量营养素，可增强各种生物活性，包括蘑菇的抗氧化、抗肿瘤和免疫调节特性。

范围和方法

本综述从硒在硒生物强化过程中​​如何影响蘑菇的生长和代谢的角度，总结了近期有关蘑菇生长表型、主要硒代谢物，特别是硒多糖、硒蛋白和硒氨基酸，以及其他生物活性代谢物。此外，在经过充分研究的蘑菇中提出了一种拟议的硒代谢途径，从而为进一步研究硒代谢提供了基础。

主要发现和结论

富硒蘑菇栽培主要以亚硒酸钠为硒源。然而，虽然添加低浓度的硒会促进蘑菇的生长，但高浓度会产生相反的效果。然而，富硒栽培是提高生物活性的有效策略，因为蘑菇可以将无机硒转化为许多重要的有机硒代谢物，特别是硒多糖、硒蛋白和硒氨基酸。此外，在提供中等水平硒的蘑菇中，酚类物质和黄酮类化合物、碱性氨基酸、虫草素和腺苷得到增强。灵芝中拟议硒代谢途径的独特方面的表征进展提供了有关蘑菇中硒代谢的见解。因此，了解硒对蘑菇生长和代谢的影响将有助于提高具有高生物活性硒代谢物含量和良好生物活性的蘑菇的生产，同时有助于富硒蘑菇在食品工业中的开发和应用。