Microchimica Acta ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04945-4 Siraprapa Boobphahom 1 , Tatiya Siripongpreda 2 , DongDong Zhang 2 , Jiaqian Qin 1, 3 , Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn 1, 3 , Nadnudda Rodthongkum 1, 3
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A hydrogel based on titanium dioxide/MXene with polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO) composite was successfully formulated and applied to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for urinary norepinephrine (NE) detection. The characterization confirmed that a nanocomposite hydrogel structure of TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO was formed. The as-prepared hydrogel substantially enhanced the sensor performances due to electrocatalytic activity of TiO2, high conductivity of MXene, and auto-sample preconcentration via PVA/GO hydrogel. The electrochemical behavior of NE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Under optimized conditions, the TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO hydrogel/SPCE response due to the oxidation of NE at +0.4 V (vs. Ag|AgCl) is proportional to the concentration of NE over 0.01 to 1.00 μM (R2 = 0.9968) and 1.00 to 60.0 μM (R2 = 0.9936) ranges with a detection limit (3σ) of 6 nM without interferent effect from common interferences in urine. Furthermore, this sensor was employed for urinary NE determination and validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector at 280 nm; the average recovery was found to be 97.6 to 102%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 4.9%. This device was sensitive enough to evaluate an early stage of neurological disorder via detecting clinically relevant NE level. Eventually, it was integrated with pantyliners which could be a potential wearable sensor in the near future.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
基于 TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO 水凝胶的电化学传感器通过尿液去甲肾上腺素检测用于神经系统疾病筛查
成功配制了基于二氧化钛/MXene 与聚乙烯醇/氧化石墨烯 (TiO 2 /MXene-PVA/GO) 复合材料的水凝胶，并将其应用于修改用于尿去甲肾上腺素 (NE) 检测的丝网印刷碳电极 (SPCE)。表征证实形成了TiO 2 /MXene-PVA/GO的纳米复合水凝胶结构。由于 TiO 2的电催化活性、MXene 的高电导率以及通过 PVA/GO 水凝胶的自动样品预浓缩，所制备的水凝胶显着提高了传感器性能。通过循环伏安法和安培法研究了NE的电化学行为。在优化条件下，TiO 2/MXene-PVA/GO 水凝胶/SPCE 响应由于 NE 在 +0.4 V (vs. Ag|AgCl) 下的氧化反应与 0.01 至 1.00 μM ( R 2 = 0.9968) 和 1.00 至 60.0 μM的 NE 浓度成正比( R 2 = 0.9936) 范围，检测限 (3σ) 为 6 nM，不受尿液中常见干扰的干扰。此外，该传感器被用于尿 NE 测定，并通过配备 280 nm 紫外检测器的高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 进行验证；平均回收率为 97.6% 至 102%，相对标准偏差 (RSD) 小于 4.9%。该设备足够灵敏，可以通过检测临床相关的 NE 水平来评估早期神经系统疾病。最终，它与护垫集成在一起，这在不久的将来可能成为一种潜在的可穿戴传感器。
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