Environmental estrogens (EEs) have received extensive attention because they interfere with biological endocrine and reproduction systems by mimicking, antagonizing, or otherwise affecting the actions of endogenous hormones. Additionally, harmful algal blooms have become a global problem in surface water. Microalgae, as an essential primary producer, is especially important for aquatic life and the entire ecosystem. The presence of EEs in surface water may be a potential promoting factor for algal blooms, and microalgae may have effects on the degradation of EEs. This review focuses on the distribution and pollution characteristics of EEs in global surface waters, effects of single and mixed EEs on microalgae regarding growth and toxin production, mechanisms of EEs on microalgae at the cellular and molecular level. The impacts of microalgae on EEs were also discussed. This review provides a risk assessment of EEs and identifies essential clues that will aid in formulating and revising the relevant standards of surface water regarding EEs, which is significant for ecosystems and human health.

环境雌激素 (EEs) 受到广泛关注，因为它们通过模仿、拮抗或以其他方式影响内源性激素的作用来干扰生物内分泌和生殖系统。此外，有害藻华已成为地表水中的全球性问题。微藻作为必不可少的初级生产者，对水生生物和整个生态系统尤为重要。地表水中EEs的存在可能是藻华的潜在促进因素，而微藻可能对EEs的降解有影响。本综述的重点是 EEs 在全球地表水中的分布和污染特征，单一和混合 EEs 对微藻生长和毒素产生的影响，EEs 在细胞和分子水平上对微藻的作用机制。还讨论了微藻对 EE 的影响。该审查提供了对 EE 的风险评估，并确定了有助于制定和修订与 EE 相关的地表水标准的重要线索，这对生态系统和人类健康具有重要意义。