塑料袋、饮用水瓶、农林废弃物等混合塑料和生物质废弃物以及 COVID-19 驱动的废弃物(口罩、手套、PPE 套件、外科口罩)的空前增长迫使科学界关注用于将生物质和塑料废物一起加工和转化为有用的最终产品的技术。生物质和塑料的共热解很有前景,因为这两种反应物之间的协同作用可能会产生高质量的液体燃料(富含碳氢化合物的生物油)。值得注意的是,在共热解过程中添加催化剂有利于多个平行反应,例如解聚、脱水、脱氧、加氢、加氢脱氧、芳构化和缩合。因此,富含碳氢化合物的生物油,适合直接使用/混合在现有燃料中,被生产。这篇综述批判性地讨论了共热解处理生物质和塑料废物的进展和机会。讨论了共热解过程中生物质和塑料的协同效应,无论有没有催化剂,并与最终产品产率相关联。对影响生物油产量和组成的几种商业、天然金属盐和人为催化剂进行了审查。介绍了对生物质/塑料热分解的机理洞察,并与催化环境下的那些进行了比较。最后,讨论了生物质和塑料共热解的工艺参数和技术经济分析,包括 COVID-19 废物处理。共热解被认为是生物质和 COVID-19 废物处理和管理的有前途的途径。这篇综述批判性地讨论了共热解处理生物质和塑料废物的进展和机会。讨论了共热解过程中生物质和塑料的协同效应,无论有没有催化剂,并与最终产品产率相关联。对影响生物油产量和组成的几种商业、天然金属盐和人为催化剂进行了审查。介绍了对生物质/塑料热分解的机理洞察,并与催化环境下的那些进行了比较。最后,讨论了生物质和塑料共热解的工艺参数和技术经济分析,包括 COVID-19 废物处理。共热解被认为是生物质和 COVID-19 废物处理和管理的有前途的途径。这篇综述批判性地讨论了共热解处理生物质和塑料废物的进展和机会。讨论了共热解过程中生物质和塑料的协同效应,无论有没有催化剂,并与最终产品产率相关联。对影响生物油产量和组成的几种商业、天然金属盐和人为催化剂进行了审查。介绍了对生物质/塑料热分解的机理洞察,并与催化环境下的那些进行了比较。最后,讨论了生物质和塑料共热解的工艺参数和技术经济分析,包括 COVID-19 废物处理。共热解被认为是生物质和 COVID-19 废物处理和管理的有前途的途径。
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Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes: A review on reactants synergy, catalyst impact, process parameter, hydrocarbon fuel potential, COVID-19
Unprecedented growth in mixed plastic and biomass wastes such as plastic bags, drinking water bottles, agro- and-forestry-waste, along with COVID-19 driven waste (facemask, gloves, PPE kits, surgical masks) have obliged the scientific community to look for technologies that can process and convert both biomass and plastic wastes together into useful end-products. The co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic would be promising as it may produce a high-quality liquid fuel (hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil) because of the synergy between the two reactants. Notably, the addition of catalysts in a co-pyrolysis process facilitates multiple parallel reactions such as depolymerization, dehydration, deoxygenation, hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, aromatization, and condensation. As a result, hydrocarbon-rich bio-oil, suitable for direct use/blend in the existing fuel, is produced. This review critically discussed the progress and opportunities of co-pyrolysis for the processing of biomass and plastics wastes. Synergistic effects of biomass and plastic during co-pyrolysis, with and without catalyst, are discussed and correlated with the final product yields. Several commercial, naturally occurring metal salts, and anthropogenic catalysts affecting bio-oil yield and composition are reviewed. The mechanistic insight into biomass/plastic thermal decomposition is presented and compared with those under the catalytic environment. Finally, the process parameters and techno-economic analysis of the biomass and plastic co-pyrolysis, including COVID-19 waste handling, are discussed. Co-pyrolysis advised as a promising route for biomass and COVID-19 waste processing and hence management.