使用秀丽隐杆线虫研究学习和记忆的分子机制,Journal of Neurochemistry

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使用秀丽隐杆线虫研究学习和记忆的分子机制
Journal of Neurochemistry ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-16 , DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15510
Aelon Rahmani ₁ , Yee Lian Chew ₁

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学习是生存必不可少的生物过程，因为它有助于响应环境变化的行为可塑性。该过程由多种基因介导，主要在神经系统中表达。许多研究已经广泛探索了学习和记忆的分子和细胞机制。本综述将重点关注通过线虫秀丽隐杆线虫研究取得的进展。Ç。线虫除了在结构水平上具有良好特征的不变、紧凑的神经系统（约 300 个神经元）之外，它还提供了一个优秀的系统来研究学习，因为它具有遗传易处理性。重要的是，尽管线虫神经系统具有紧凑的性质，但与哺乳动物系统相比，它具有高度的保护性。这些特征允许研究特定感觉神经元、间神经元和运动神经元内的基因，促进对通过定义的神经回路介导学习的信号通路的询问。这篇评论将详细介绍如何在C 中研究学习和记忆。线虫通过针对不同感官方式的行为范式。我们还将总结最近的研究，这些研究描述了提出关键分子和细胞途径影响联想和非联想学习形式的机制。

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Investigating the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory using Caenorhabditis elegans

Learning is an essential biological process for survival since it facilitates behavioural plasticity in response to environmental changes. This process is mediated by a wide variety of genes, mostly expressed in the nervous system. Many studies have extensively explored the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. This review will focus on the advances gained through the study of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans provides an excellent system to study learning because of its genetic tractability, in addition to its invariant, compact nervous system (~300 neurons) that is well-characterised at the structural level. Importantly, despite its compact nature, the nematode nervous system possesses a high level of conservation with mammalian systems. These features allow the study of genes within specific sensory-, inter- and motor neurons, facilitating the interrogation of signalling pathways that mediate learning via defined neural circuits. This review will detail how learning and memory can be studied in C. elegans through behavioural paradigms that target distinct sensory modalities. We will also summarise recent studies describing mechanisms through which key molecular and cellular pathways are proposed to affect associative and non-associative forms of learning.

更新日期：2021-10-27

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