This article enables an understanding of scientific practice and funding in a peripheral country ruled by a dictatorship in the interwar period, and thus provides the basis for comparison with studies of other non-democratic regimes. We examine the work of Portugal's Junta de Educação Nacional (National Education Board), which administered and provided funding for science from 1929 to 1936. Our findings show that this public body encouraged the participation of the Portuguese academic community in international science networks. This scenario contrasts with the dominant historiographical thesis that between the wars the Portuguese academic community did not play a role in international networks, and that it lacked state support. Also in contrast with the dominant historiography, whose ideological bias meant that a simplified picture was portrayed, whereas the reality is shown to be complex, this study demonstrates that the Portuguese dictatorial state sought to foster scientific progress through the Junta, but that resentment among academics and the resistance of universities to innovation meant that this objective was only partially achieved. Finally, the memory of a number of scientists has been rescued from oblivion, as we show how their political stance during the dictatorship led to their being ignored by historiographers when democracy prevailed.

本文有助于了解两次世界大战期间由独裁统治的边缘国家的科学实践和资金来源，从而为与其他非民主政权的研究进行比较提供基础。我们研究了葡萄牙的 Junta de Educação Nacional（国家教育委员会）的工作，该委员会从 1929 年到 1936 年管理并为科学提供资金。我们的调查结果表明，这个公共机构鼓励葡萄牙学术界参与国际科学网络。这种情况与占主导地位的史学论点形成鲜明对比，即在两次战争之间，葡萄牙学术界没有在国际网络中发挥作用，并且缺乏国家支持。也与占主导地位的史学相反，其意识形态偏见意味着描绘了一个简化的画面，而现实却被证明是复杂的，这项研究表明，葡萄牙独裁国家试图通过军政府促进科学进步，但学术界的不满和大学对创新的抵制意味着这个目标只是部分实现了。最后，一些科学家的记忆已经从遗忘中拯救出来，因为我们展示了他们在独裁统治期间的政治立场如何导致他们在民主盛行时被史学家忽视。但学术界的不满和大学对创新的抵制意味着这一目标仅部分实现。最后，一些科学家的记忆已经从遗忘中拯救出来，因为我们展示了他们在独裁统治期间的政治立场如何导致他们在民主盛行时被史学家忽视。但学术界的不满和大学对创新的抵制意味着这一目标仅部分实现。最后，一些科学家的记忆已经从遗忘中拯救出来，因为我们展示了他们在独裁统治期间的政治立场如何导致他们在民主盛行时被史学家忽视。