Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has triggered tremendous research interest owing to its unique crystal structure, high carrier mobility, and tunable direct bandgap. Preparation of few-layer BP with high quality and stability is very important for its related research and applications in biomedicine, electronics, and optoelectronics. In this review, the synthesis methods of BP, including the preparation of bulk BP crystal which is an important raw material for preparing few-layer BP, the popular top-down methods, and some direct growth strategies of few-layer BP are comprehensively overviewed. Then chemical ways to enhance the stability of few-layer BP are concretely introduced. Finally, we propose a selection rule of preparation methods of few-layer BP according to the requirement of specific BP properties for different applications. We hope this review would bring some insight for future researches on BP and contributes to the acceleration of BP's commercial progress.

二维黑磷（BP）由于其独特的晶体结构、高载流子迁移率和可调谐的直接带隙而引发了巨大的研究兴趣。制备高质量、稳定的少层BP对其在生物医学、电子学、光电子学等领域的相关研究和应用具有重要意义。本文全面综述了BP的合成方法，包括作为制备少层BP的重要原料的块状BP晶体的制备、流行的自上而下的方法以及一些少层BP的直接生长策略。然后具体介绍了增强少层BP稳定性的化学方法。最后，根据不同应用对特定BP性质的要求，提出了少层BP制备方法的选择规则。我们希望这篇综述能够为BP的未来研究带来一些启示，并为加速BP的商业化进程做出贡献。