开发用于热电池的 Ca/FeS2 化学,Chemistry of Materials

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开发用于热电池的 Ca/FeS2 化学
Chemistry of Materials ( IF 7.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-09 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c01864
Stewart A. M. Dickson ₁ , Richard K. B. Gover ₂ , John T. S. Irvine ₁

Affiliation

替代电池化学物质由于与锂相比具有潜在优势，因此越来越受到关注；然而，热电池领域对替代化学的研究要少得多，因为目前的锂合金-金属硫化物电池被视为“黄金标准”。在这项工作中，我们展示了使用含钙共晶和钙金属对 FeS ₂阴极材料的热电池的操作。CaCl ₂的初步评估-NaCl 共晶物，表明它是用作电解质的良好候选者。使用一系列物理和电化学技术组装和表征电池，并研究了它们的特性。低电流密度下的放电电压很有希望，电池显示放电电压 >2 V，容量超过 100 mAh g ^–1. 还探索了倍率能力，这可以通过修改阴极来提高。尽管阴极材料在放电过程中没有得到充分利用，但有证据表明发生了电化学反应，使用粉末 X 射线衍射 (PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和中子衍射对其进行了详细探索。希望这些结果将刺激高温电池化学的发展和想法，为这些类型的电池扩展新应用的视野。

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Development of the Ca/FeS2 Chemistry for Thermal Batteries

Alternative battery chemistries are the focus of growing attention due to their potential advantages over lithium; however, the field of thermal batteries sees much less research into alternative chemistries, as the current lithium alloy–metal sulfide cell is seen as the “gold standard”. In this work, we demonstrate the operation of a thermal battery using a calcium-containing eutectic and calcium metal against the FeS₂ cathode material. An initial assessment of the CaCl₂–NaCl eutectic is presented, showing that it is a good candidate for use as an electrolyte. Cells were assembled and characterized using a range of physical and electrochemical techniques, and their properties were studied. Discharge voltages at low current densities were promising, with cells displaying discharge voltages >2 V and capacities in excess of 100 mAh g^–1. Rate capability was also explored, which can be improved by modification of the cathode. Although the cathode material was not fully utilized during discharge, there was evidence of electrochemical reactions occurring, which were explored in detail using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and neutron diffraction. It is hoped that these results will stimulate development and ideas for high-temperature battery chemistries, expanding the horizons of these types of batteries for new applications.

更新日期：2021-09-28

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