A multitude of phenomena—such as the chemical enrichment of the Universe, the mass spectrum of planetary nebulae, white dwarfs and gravitational wave progenitors, the frequency distribution of supernovae, the fate of exoplanets, etc.—are highly regulated by the amounts of mass that stars expel through a powerful wind. For more than half a century, these winds of cool aging stars have been interpreted within the common interpretive framework of 1D models. I here discuss how that framework now appears to be highly problematic.

▪	Current 1D mass-loss rate formulae differ by orders of magnitude, rendering contemporary stellar evolution predictions highly uncertain.

中文翻译：

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冷却老化恒星的演化和质量损失：代代尔的故事

许多现象——例如宇宙的化学富集、行星状星云的质谱、白矮星和引力波前身、超新星的频率分布、系外行星的命运等——都受到质量的高度调节星星通过强大的风排出。半个多世纪以来，这些冷老化恒星的风一直在一维模型的通用解释框架内得到解释。我在这里讨论了该框架现在看起来如何存在很大问题。

▪	当前的 1D 质量损失率公式存在数量级差异，导致当代恒星演化预测高度不确定。