The concept of stars being tidally ripped apart and consumed by a massive black hole (MBH) lurking in the center of a galaxy first captivated theorists in the late 1970s. The observational evidence for these rare but illuminating phenomena for probing otherwise dormant MBHs first emerged in archival searches of the soft X-ray ROSAT All-Sky Survey in the 1990s, but has recently accelerated with the increasing survey power in the optical time domain, with tidal disruption events (TDEs) now regarded as a class of optical nuclear transients with distinct spectroscopic features. Multiwavelength observations of TDEs have revealed panchromatic emission, probing a wide range of scales, from the innermost regions of the accretion flow to the surrounding circumnuclear medium. I review the current census of 56 TDEs reported in the literature, and their observed properties can be summarized as follows:

恒星被一个潜伏在星系中心的大质量黑洞 (MBH) 潮汐撕裂并吞噬的概念在 1970 年代后期首次吸引了理论家。1990 年代软 X 射线 ROSAT 全天巡天的档案搜索中首次出现了这些罕见但有启发性的现象的观测证据，用于探测其他处于休眠状态的 MBH，但最近随着光时域中巡天功率的增加而加速，潮汐破坏事件 (TDE) 现在被视为一类具有独特光谱特征的光学核瞬变。TDE 的多波长观测揭示了全色发射，探测了从吸积流的最内部区域到周围的核周围介质的广泛尺度。我回顾了当前文献中报告的 56 个 TDE 的普查，