Influence of reduced-impact logging on Central Amazonian bats using a before-after-control-impact design,Animal Conservation

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Influence of reduced-impact logging on Central Amazonian bats using a before-after-control-impact design
Animal Conservation ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-05 , DOI: 10.1111/acv.12739
A. B. Castro _{1,

2} , P. E. D. Bobrowiec ₃ , S. J. Castro _{1,

2} , L. R. R. Rodrigues _{2,

4} , R. F. Fadini ₁

Affiliation

Tropical forests contain the highest concentration of species in terrestrial ecosystems. However, they are disappearing rapidly due to forest clearing to extract timber illegally. Reduced-impact logging (RIL) is one of the main sustainability proposals for earning profits while still promoting biodiversity conservation. In the present study, we test the impacts of RIL on biodiversity and use the results to draw conclusions regarding the capacity of RIL to deliver conservation goals whilst also enabling minimal biodiversity impacts. We used a before-after-control-impact (BACI) study to assess the effects of RIL on a bat assemblage in Central Amazon. We sampled unlogged (control) and RIL areas before and after timber extraction. We also tested the relationship between forest canopy openness and bat assemblage before and after logging. For 64 nights, we captured 706 individuals of 33 Phyllostomidae species. Sampling time influenced total bat composition and phytophagous bat composition, both in logged and control sites. The time × site interaction influenced animalivorous bat composition and reduced the abundance and richness of animalivorous species in RIL sites. Sampling time, site, and the time × site interaction did not influence the number of species, total abundance, or phytophague abundance. The canopy was, on average, 3.4 times more open after the RIL and influenced animalivorous composition. Our results indicate that species sensitive to environmental changes, such as animalivorous bats, respond rapidly to forest logging. In more opportunistic guilds, such as phytophagues, the temporal change in the species composition in control and logged sites indicate that other temporal factors, besides logging, may have influenced bat assemblages. We suggest that RIL timber certification stimulates the protection of primary forest without logging within the area under exploration, which is not the case in the area we studied. We also recommend the application of BACI designs and monitoring environmental metrics in RIL impact studies.

中文翻译：

使用前后控制冲击设计减少冲击伐木对中亚马逊蝙蝠的影响

热带森林是陆地生态系统中物种最集中的地方。然而，由于森林砍伐非法采伐木材，它们正在迅速消失。减少影响采伐 (RIL) 是赚取利润同时仍促进生物多样性保护的主要可持续性建议之一。在本研究中，我们测试了 RIL 对生物多样性的影响，并使用结果得出关于 RIL 实现保护目标的能力的结论，同时也使生物多样性的影响最小化。我们使用前后对照影响 (BACI) 研究来评估 RIL 对亚马逊中部蝙蝠群落的影响。我们在木材提取前后对未伐木（对照）和 RIL 区域进行了采样。我们还测试了伐木前后森林冠层开放度与蝙蝠组合之间的关系。64晚，我们捕获了 33 个 Phyllostomidae 物种的 706 个个体。采样时间影响总蝙蝠组成和植食性蝙蝠组成，无论是在伐木地点还是对照地点。时间×地点相互作用影响了食肉蝙蝠的组成，降低了 RIL 地点食动物物种的丰度和丰富度。采样时间、地点和时间×地点相互作用不影响物种数量、总丰度或植噬菌体丰度。在 RIL 之后，树冠平均开放 3.4 倍，并影响了食肉成分。我们的研究结果表明，对环境变化敏感的物种，如食肉蝙蝠，对森林砍伐反应迅速。在更机会主义的行会中，例如植食者，控制和记录地点物种组成的时间变化表明其他时间因素，除了伐木，可能还影响了蝙蝠的聚集。我们建议，RIL 木材认证可以促进对原始森林的保护，而无需在勘探区域内采伐，而我们研究的区域并非如此。我们还建议在 RIL 影响研究中应用 BACI 设计和监测环境指标。

更新日期：2021-09-05

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