只见树木不见森林：利用噬菌体治疗细菌性树木病害,Plant Pathology

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只见树木不见森林：利用噬菌体治疗细菌性树木病害
Plant Pathology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 , DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13465
Emily R. Grace ₁ , Mojgan Rabiey ₁ , Ville‐Petri Friman ₂ , Robert W. Jackson ₁

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树木和木本植物可能会受到许多害虫和病原体的单独攻击或多种微生物感染。特别是，在过去十年中，由树木特异性细菌病原体引起的感染变得更加普遍，这引起了园艺、城市环境和森林中重要树木和木本植物物种的严重关注。例如，Xylella和Pseudomonas细菌正在整个欧洲对橄榄、樱桃和其他核果造成重大的经济和生态破坏，主要是因为缺乏有效的控制方法以及细菌对铜和抗生素等传统抗菌化合物的耐药性的出现。因此，迫切需要解决细菌性植物病害的创新方法。实现这一目标的一种方法可能是通过应用生物控制，这为病原体管理提供了一种更加环保和有针对性的方法。本综述将探讨使用病原体特异性病毒、噬菌体（或噬菌体）对细菌性树病进行生物防治的最新进展。噬菌体是植物微生物组的重要组成部分，由于它们具有高度特异性的宿主范围和仅选择性杀死目标病原菌的能力，因此在植物病原体控制方面的研究越来越多。然而，它们的使用仍然存在一些挑战和局限性，特别是在管理长寿树木的细菌病害方面。将对专注于控制的噬菌体研究提供特别的见解丁香假单胞菌病原体、梨火疫病菌、黄单胞菌属、青枯病菌和根癌农杆菌。讨论了最近的里程碑、当前的挑战和噬菌体治疗树木病害的未来途径。

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Seeing the forest for the trees: Use of phages to treat bacterial tree diseases

Trees and woody plants can be attacked by many pests and pathogens either individually or as polymicrobial infections. In particular, infections caused by tree-specific bacterial pathogens have become more common during the last decade, causing serious concern for important tree and woody plant species in horticulture, urban environments, and forests. For example, Xylella and Pseudomonas bacteria are causing significant economic and ecological devastation throughout Europe in olive, cherry, and other stone fruits, mainly because of lack of efficient control methods and the emergence of bacterial resistance to traditional antimicrobial compounds such as copper and antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to tackle bacterial plant diseases. One way to achieve this could be through the application of biological control, which offers a more environmentally friendly and targeted approach for pathogen management. This review will explore recent advances in use of pathogen-specific viruses, bacteriophages (or phages), for the biocontrol of bacterial tree diseases. Phages are an important component of plant microbiomes and are increasingly studied in plant pathogen control due to their highly specific host ranges and ability to selectively kill only the target pathogenic bacteria. However, their use still poses several challenges and limitations, especially in terms of managing the bacterial diseases of long-lived trees. A particular insight will be given into phage research focusing on controlling Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas species, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Recent milestones, current challenges, and future avenues for phage therapy in the management of tree diseases are discussed.

更新日期：2021-11-01

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