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The Myeloablative Drug Busulfan Converts Cysteine to Dehydroalanine and Lanthionine in Redoxins
Biochemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2016-08-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00622
Michele Scian 1 , Miklos Guttman 1 , Samantha D. Bouldin 2 , Caryn E. Outten 2 , William M. Atkins 1
Biochemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2016-08-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00622
Michele Scian 1 , Miklos Guttman 1 , Samantha D. Bouldin 2 , Caryn E. Outten 2 , William M. Atkins 1
Affiliation
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The myeloablative agent busulfan (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate) is an old drug that is used routinely to eliminate cancerous bone marrow prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The myeloablative activity and systemic toxicity of busulfan have been ascribed to its ability to cross-link DNA. In contrast, here we demonstrate that incubation of busulfan with the thiol redox proteins glutaredoxin or thioredoxin at pH 7.4 and 37 °C results in the formation of putative S-tetrahydrothiophenium adducts at their catalytic Cys residues, followed by β-elimination to yield dehydroalanine. Both proteins contain a second Cys, in their catalytic C-X-X-C motif, which reacts with the dehydroalanine, the initial Cys adduct with busulfan, or the S-tetrahydrothiophenium, to form novel intramolecular cross-links. The reactivity of the dehydroalanine (DHA) formed is further demonstrated by adduction with glutathione to yield a lanthionine and by a novel reaction with the reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), which yields a phosphine adduct via Michael addition to the DHA. Formation of a second quaternary organophosphonium salt via nucleophilic substitution with TCEP on the initial busulfan-protein adduct or on the THT+-Redoxin species is also observed. These results reveal a rich potential for reactions of busulfan with proteins in vitro, and likely in vivo. It is striking that several of the chemically altered protein products retain none of the atoms of busulfan, in contrast to typical drug-protein adducts or traditional protein modification reagents. In particular, the ability of a clinically used drug to convert Cys to dehydrolanine in intact proteins, and its subsequent reaction with biological thiols, is unprecedented.
中文翻译:
髓清灭性药物白消安在氧化还原蛋白中将半胱氨酸转化为脱氢丙氨酸和羊毛硫氨酸
髓清清剂白消安(1,4-丁二醇二甲磺酸盐)是一种古老的药物,在造血干细胞移植之前通常用于消除癌性骨髓。白消安的清髓活性和全身毒性归因于其交联DNA的能力。相比之下,在这里我们证明将白消安与巯基氧化还原蛋白谷氨酰胺毒素或巯基氧化还原蛋白在pH 7.4和37°C下孵育会导致在其催化Cys残基上形成假定的S-四氢噻吩加合物,然后进行β-消除反应生成脱氢丙氨酸。两种蛋白质在其催化CXXC基序中均包含第二个Cys,可与脱氢丙氨酸,白消安最初的Cys加合物或S-四氢噻吩,形成新的分子内交联。通过与谷胱甘肽加成生成羊毛硫氨酸以及与还原剂三(2-羧乙基)膦(TCEP)发生新反应进一步证明了形成的脱氢丙氨酸(DHA)的反应性,该还原剂通过迈克尔加成反应生成了膦加合物。 DHA。还观察到在初始的白消安蛋白加合物上或在THT +-氧化还原蛋白上,通过TCEP的亲核取代形成了第二季有机phosph盐。这些结果显示了白消安与蛋白质在体外以及在体内可能发生反应的巨大潜力。。令人惊讶的是,与典型的药物-蛋白质加合物或传统的蛋白质修饰试剂相比,几种经过化学修饰的蛋白质产物均不保留白消安的原子。特别地,临床上使用的药物将完整蛋白中的Cys转化为脱氢丙氨酸的能力以及其随后与生物硫醇的反应是前所未有的。
更新日期:2016-08-11
中文翻译:
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髓清灭性药物白消安在氧化还原蛋白中将半胱氨酸转化为脱氢丙氨酸和羊毛硫氨酸
髓清清剂白消安(1,4-丁二醇二甲磺酸盐)是一种古老的药物,在造血干细胞移植之前通常用于消除癌性骨髓。白消安的清髓活性和全身毒性归因于其交联DNA的能力。相比之下,在这里我们证明将白消安与巯基氧化还原蛋白谷氨酰胺毒素或巯基氧化还原蛋白在pH 7.4和37°C下孵育会导致在其催化Cys残基上形成假定的S-四氢噻吩加合物,然后进行β-消除反应生成脱氢丙氨酸。两种蛋白质在其催化CXXC基序中均包含第二个Cys,可与脱氢丙氨酸,白消安最初的Cys加合物或S-四氢噻吩,形成新的分子内交联。通过与谷胱甘肽加成生成羊毛硫氨酸以及与还原剂三(2-羧乙基)膦(TCEP)发生新反应进一步证明了形成的脱氢丙氨酸(DHA)的反应性,该还原剂通过迈克尔加成反应生成了膦加合物。 DHA。还观察到在初始的白消安蛋白加合物上或在THT +-氧化还原蛋白上,通过TCEP的亲核取代形成了第二季有机phosph盐。这些结果显示了白消安与蛋白质在体外以及在体内可能发生反应的巨大潜力。。令人惊讶的是,与典型的药物-蛋白质加合物或传统的蛋白质修饰试剂相比,几种经过化学修饰的蛋白质产物均不保留白消安的原子。特别地,临床上使用的药物将完整蛋白中的Cys转化为脱氢丙氨酸的能力以及其随后与生物硫醇的反应是前所未有的。