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Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinium Salts for Cyanide Sensing: A Performance and Sustainability Study of the Probes
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-02 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c01689
Alexis Tigreros 1 , Jhon Zapata-Rivera 2 , Jaime Portilla 1
Affiliation  

Herein, we report an efficient synthesis of two novel probes for cyanide sensing based on 7-arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinium salts PS (aryl = p-MeOPh) and T-PS (aryl = p-Ph2NPh). According to theoretical analyses, T-PS was found to be an ideal probe with improved absorption and emission properties due to a better intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. The experimental results, such as limit of detection (LOD; PS, 0.30 and 0.34 μmol/L → T-PS, 0.15, 0.15, and 0.25 μmol/L) and outstanding selectivity demonstrated the predicted properties. DFT calculations, HRMS analysis, and 1H NMR titration experiments were carried out to confirm the mechanism, regioselectivity, and reversibility of the CN addition reaction in detecting the probes. These findings are especially attractive in the cyanide-sensing field. However, important repercussions on the sustainability performance, such as raw material costs and waste generation, were observed when comparing PS with T-PS. Satisfyingly, test strips fabricated using T-PS also demonstrated its practical applicability; in addition, emission in solid-state measurements of T-PS supported on silica showed its capability to detect cyanide ions in the solid state and in bitter almonds after 50 ppm. Ultimately, small amounts of CN (0.5 μmol/L) in tap water detected by using the probe T-PS. Therefore, this work provides a sustainable and applicable approach in cyanide chemosensor preparation.

中文翻译:

用于氰化物传感的吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶盐:探针的性能和可持续性研究

在此,我们报告了基于 7-芳基吡唑并[1,5- a ]嘧啶鎓盐 PS(芳基 = p -MeOPh)和 T-PS(芳基 = p -Ph 2 NPh)的两种新型氰化物传感探针的有效合成。根据理论分析,由于更好的分子内电荷转移 (ICT) 过程,T-PS 被发现是一种理想的探针,具有改善的吸收和发射特性。检测限(LOD;PS,0.30 和 0.34 μmol/L → T-PS,0.15、0.15 和 0.25 μmol/L)和出色的选择性等实验结果证明了预测的特性。进行了 DFT 计算、HRMS 分析和1 H NMR 滴定实验以确认 CN 的机理、区域选择性和可逆性检测探针的加成反应。这些发现在氰化物传感领域特别有吸引力。然而,在将 PS 与 T-PS 进行比较时,观察到对可持续性表现的重要影响,例如原材料成本和废物产生。令人满意的是,使用 T-PS 制作的试纸也证明了其实际适用性;此外,二氧化硅负载的 T-PS 的固态测量中的发射表明,它能够检测 50 ppm 后固态和苦杏仁中的氰化物离子。最终,使用探针 T-PS 检测到自来水中的少量 CN (0.5 μmol/L)。因此,这项工作为氰化物化学传感器的制备提供了一种可持续且适用的方法。
更新日期:2021-09-13
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