Since the discovery of Ti₃C₂ in 2011, a class of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, called MXene, has received increasing attention. So far, about 30 different kinds of MXenes with clear structure and properties exist and more MXenes are theoretically predicted. As a consequence of their excellent metal conductivity, unique in-plane anisotropy, attractive optical, mechanical, and thermal properties, MXenes show great potential for many applications. This review highlights the fundamentals, synthesis, and properties of MXenes, and focuses on applications of MXenes in supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, electromagnetic shielding/absorption and catalysis. Finally, we point out the controversies, challenges, and future opportunities in MXenes.

自2011 年发现 Ti ₃ C ₂以来，一类称为 MXene 的二维过渡金属碳化物和氮化物受到越来越多的关注。到目前为止，存在大约30种不同的具有明确结构和性质的MXenes，并且理论上预测了更多的MXenes。由于其优异的金属导电性、独特的面内各向异性、有吸引力的光学、机械和热性能，MXenes 在许多应用中显示出巨大的潜力。本综述重点介绍了 MXenes 的基本原理、合成和特性，并重点介绍了 MXenes 在超级电容器、电池、传感器、电磁屏蔽/吸收和催化中的应用。最后，我们指出了 MXenes 的争议、挑战和未来的机会。