真菌木材腐烂类型的生态影响：当前知识和未来研究方向的回顾,Ecological Research

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真菌木材腐烂类型的生态影响：当前知识和未来研究方向的回顾
Ecological Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-24 , DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12260
Yu Fukasawa ₁

Affiliation

我总结了当前关于森林中木材分解的生态系统功能的知识，特别关注真菌木材腐烂类型（传统上分为白腐病、褐腐病和软腐病）对腐木生物、林木的群落组成的影响再生和碳封存。不同腐烂类型的枯木显示出明显不同的理化和生物学特性。白腐木中碳水化合物的高可用性促进了固氮细菌的活动；因此，白腐木是许多食木无脊椎动物的良好膳食来源。相比之下，褐腐木对腐木群落没有吸引力，因为积累的木质素具有高抗拒性、营养含量低和 pH 值低。尽管如此，一些物种已经适应了这些条件，并在褐腐木上形成了独特的群落。与褐腐木相关的树苗与丛枝菌根真菌和外生菌根真菌共生，但不与外生菌根共生。因此，与各种木材腐烂类型相关的真菌群落的多样性为腐木群落提供了栖息地多样性，并促进了森林生态系统中的生物多样性。木材腐烂类型也影响森林中的碳固存，因为褐腐木可能比白腐木更有助于土壤有机质积累。木材腐烂类型的一个重要方面是真菌的木材腐烂活动可以通过改变枯木的理化特性对森林生物多样性产生间接持久的连锁影响。

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Ecological impacts of fungal wood decay types: A review of current knowledge and future research directions

I summarize current knowledge about the ecosystem functions of wood decomposition in forests with a particular focus on the effects of fungal wood decay types (traditionally categorized into white-, brown-, and soft-rot) on the community composition of saproxylic organisms, forest tree regeneration, and carbon sequestration. Deadwoods of different decay types show markedly different physicochemical and biological properties. High carbohydrate availability in white-rotted wood promotes the activities of nitrogen-fixing bacteria; thus white-rotted wood is a good dietary source for many wood-eating invertebrates. In contrast, brown-rotted wood is unattractive to saproxylic communities due to the high recalcitrance of accumulated lignin, low nutrient content, and low pH. Nevertheless, some species have adapted to these conditions and form distinctive communities on brown-rotted wood. Tree seedlings that are associated with brown-rotted wood are symbiotic with arbuscular and ericoid mycorrhizal fungal species, but not ectomycorrhizal species. Thus, the diversity of fungal communities associated with a variety of wood decay types produces habitat diversity for saproxylic communities and promotes biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Wood decay type also affects carbon sequestration in forests as brown-rotted wood might be more instrumental in soil organic matter accumulation than white-rotted wood. An important aspect of wood decay type is that the wood decay activities of fungi can have indirect long-lasting cascading impacts on forest biodiversity by altering the physicochemical properties of deadwood. Including the effects of wood decay type in ecological models is thus important for predicting the long-term dynamics of biodiversity, vegetation, and carbon cycling in forest ecosystems.

更新日期：2021-08-24

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