Freud’s explanation of Rolland’s “oceanic feeling” is reconsidered in the light of similar phenomena that occur in the face of impending death, such as the experiences described by Socrates in Plato’s Phaedo, and the aesthetic and transformational experiences described by Christopher Bollas. These phenomena are included in what Karl Jaspers calls “ciphers.” Other examples are presented to indicate the need to consider such phenomena in human psychology, phenomena that have been neglected in psychoanalysis due to the profound but arbitrary influence of Freud’s analysis of the “oceanic feeling,” an analysis based on the outmoded rigid assumptions of classical nineteenth-century science.

弗洛伊德对罗兰的“海洋情怀”的解释，是参照在即将到来的死亡面前发生的类似现象，如柏拉图的《斐多篇》中苏格拉底所描述的经历，以及克里斯托弗·波拉斯所描述的审美和变革经历而重新考虑的。这些现象包含在 Karl Jaspers 所谓的“密码”中。其他例子表明有必要考虑人类心理学中的此类现象，由于弗洛伊德对“海洋感觉”的分析的深刻而随意的影响而在精神分析中被忽视的现象，这种分析基于经典的过时的僵化假设。十九世纪的科学。