ABSTRACT

Outgroup dehumanisation, the denial of full humanity to outgroups relative to ingroups, is pervasive in many contemporary societies. The aim of the present work is to review effective strategies aimed at fostering outgroup humanity attribution. After presenting the main models of humanity attribution, we differentiate two types of strategies. Outgroup-specific strategies are focused on a target outgroup, therefore their effectiveness is more dependent upon the specific intergroup relationship. These include intergroup contact, meta-humanisation, and social categorisation. Outgroup-independent strategies are not inherently linked to a target outgroup, implying that their effectiveness is less dependent on the specific intergroup dynamics under consideration. These involve human-animal similarity and secure relationship attachment. We provide evidence for the effectiveness of these strategies and their underlying processes, showcasing our research programme within the larger literature. In so doing, we take into account the distinction between blatant and subtle dehumanisation, and conclude with suggestions for future research.

摘要

外群体去人性化，即相对于内群体而言，对外群体否认完全人性，在许多当代社会中普遍存在。目前工作的目的是审查旨在促进外群体人性归因的有效策略。在介绍了人类归因的主要模型之后，我们区分了两种类型的策略。外群体特定策略专注于目标外群体，因此其有效性更多地取决于特定的群体间关系。这些包括群际接触、元人性化和社会分类。独立于外群体的策略与目标外群体没有内在联系，这意味着它们的有效性较少依赖于所考虑的特定群体间动态。这些涉及人与动物的相似性和安全的关系依恋。我们为这些策略及其基本过程的有效性提供证据，在更大的文献中展示我们的研究计划。在这样做的过程中，我们考虑了公然和微妙的非人性化之间的区别，并为未来的研究提出了建议。