Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10098-021-02183-z Matthew Webb 1
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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions leading to anthropogenic global warming continue to be a major issue for societies worldwide. A major opportunity to reduce emissions is to improve building construction, and in particular the effectiveness of building envelope, which leads to a decrease in operational energy consumption. Improving the performance of a building's thermal envelope can substantially reduce energy consumption from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning while maintaining occupant comfort. In previous work, a computational model of a biomimetic building façade design was found to be effective in temperate climates in an office context. Through a case study example based on animal fur and blood perfusion, this paper tests the hypothesis that biomimetic building facades have a broader application in different building typologies across a range of climate zones. Using bioinspiration for innovation opens new ideas and pathways for technological development that traditional engineering design does not provide. This study exemplifies the process in a building façade, integrating a new form of insulation, heating and cooling. Methods of mathematical modelling and digital simulation methods were used to test the energy reduction potential of the biomimetic façade was tested in a set of operational applications (office, school, and aged care) and across different climate zones (tropical, desert, temperate, and cool continental). Results indicated that the biomimetic façade has potential to reduce energy consumption for all building applications, with the greatest benefit shown in residential aged care (67.1% reduction). Similarly, the biomimetic building façade showed potential to reduce operational services energy consumption in all climate zones, with the greatest energy reductions achieved in the tropical (55.4% reduction) and humid continental climates (55.1% reduction). Through these results the hypothesis was confirmed suggesting that facades engineered to mimic biological functions and processes can improve substantially decrease building operational energy consumption and can be applied in different building classifications and different climate zones. These results would significantly decrease operational greenhouse gas emissions over the lifetime of a building and provide substantial savings in energy bills. Such facades can contribute to the further reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in a broad range of contexts in the built environment and other areas of technology and design. The flexibility and adaptability of biomimetic facades exemplify how biological strategies and characteristics can augment and improve performance in different environments, since the organisms that inspire innovation are already well-adapted to the conditions on earth. This study also exemplified a method by which other biomimetic building envelope features may be assessed. Further work is suggested to assess economic viability and constructability of the proposed facades.
Graphic abstract
中文翻译：
仿生建筑立面展示了减少不同气候区不同建筑类型的能源消耗的潜力
导致人为全球变暖的温室气体（GHG）排放仍然是全世界社会面临的主要问题。减少排放的一个主要机会是改善建筑结构，特别是建筑围护结构的有效性，从而减少运营能耗。提高建筑物热围护结构的性能可以大幅减少供暖、通风和空调的能耗，同时保持居住者的舒适度。在之前的工作中，人们发现仿生建筑立面设计的计算模型在办公室环境中的温带气候下是有效的。通过基于动物毛皮和血液灌注的案例研究，本文检验了仿生建筑立面在一系列气候带的不同建筑类型中具有更广泛应用的假设。利用生物灵感进行创新，为技术发展开辟了传统工程设计无法提供的新思路和途径。这项研究举例说明了建筑立面的过程，整合了一种新形式的隔热、加热和冷却。使用数学建模和数字模拟方法来测试仿生立面的节能潜力，并在一系列操作应用（办公室、学校和老年护理中心）和不同气候区（热带、沙漠、温带和很酷的大陆）。结果表明，仿生外墙有潜力减少所有建筑应用的能源消耗，其中在住宅老年护理中效益最大（减少 67.1%）。 同样，仿生建筑立面显示出减少所有气候区运营服务能源消耗的潜力，其中在热带（减少 55.4％）和潮湿大陆性气候（减少 55.1％）中实现了最大的能源减少。通过这些结果，该假设得到证实，表明模拟生物功能和过程的外墙可以显着改善并降低建筑运营能耗，并且可以应用于不同的建筑类别和不同的气候带。这些结果将显着减少建筑物在整个生命周期内的运营温室气体排放，并大幅节省能源费用。此类立面有助于在建筑环境以及其他技术和设计领域的广泛环境中进一步减少温室气体排放。仿生立面的灵活性和适应性体现了生物策略和特性如何增强和改善不同环境中的性能，因为激发创新的生物体已经很好地适应了地球的条件。这项研究还举例说明了一种可以评估其他仿生建筑围护结构特征的方法。建议进一步开展工作来评估拟议外墙的经济可行性和可施工性。
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