A droplet exposed to a high-speed gas flow is subject to a rapid and violent fragmentation, dominated by a widespread mist of multiscale structures that introduce significant complexities in numerical studies. The present work focuses on capturing all stages of the aerodynamic breakup of a waterlike droplet imposed by three different intensity shock waves, with Mach numbers of 1.21, 1.46, and 2.64, under the shear-induced entrainment regime. The numerical investigation is conducted within a physically consistent and computationally efficient multiscale framework, using the Σ-Υ two-fluid model with dynamic local topology detection. Overall, the breakup of the deforming droplet and the subsequent dispersion of the produced mist show good agreement with available experimental studies in the literature. The major features and physical mechanisms of breakup, including the incident shock wave dynamics and the vortices development, are discussed, and verified against the experiments and the theory. While the experimental visualizations inside the dense mist are restricted by the capabilities of the diagnostic methods, the multiscale two-fluid approach provides insight into the mist dynamics and the distribution of the secondary droplets under different postshock conditions.

中文翻译：

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使用多尺度双流体方法在剪切诱导夹带机制下液滴空气破裂

暴露在高速气流中的液滴会发生快速而剧烈的碎裂，主要是由广泛的多尺度结构雾气支配，这在数值研究中引入了显着的复杂性。目前的工作重点是在剪切诱导的夹带机制下捕获由三种不同强度的冲击波（马赫数为 1.21、1.46 和 2.64）施加的水状液滴的空气动力学破裂的所有阶段。数值研究是在物理一致且计算效率高的多尺度框架内进行的，使用 Σ- Υ具有动态局部拓扑检测的双流体模型。总的来说，变形液滴的破碎和随后产生的雾的分散与文献中可用的实验研究显示出良好的一致性。讨论了破裂的主要特征和物理机制，包括入射激波动力学和涡流发展，并通过实验和理论进行了验证。虽然浓雾内的实验可视化受到诊断方法能力的限制，但多尺度双流体方法可以深入了解雾气动力学和不同震后条件下二次液滴的分布。