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Engineering membranes with macrocycles for precise molecular separations
Journal of Materials Chemistry A ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-17 , DOI: 10.1039/d1ta02982g
Tiefan Huang 1, 2 , Mram Alyami 3 , Niveen M. Kashab 3 , Suzana P. Nunes 1
Affiliation  

Macrocycles are a class of intrinsically porous organic molecules that can host guest molecules selectively. Owing to their diversified porous characteristics, host–guest/supramolecular feature, unique chemical versatility and tunable chemical functionalities, macrocycles are considered fascinating membrane building blocks for advanced and efficient separations. Continuously growing research explorations on macrocycle-based membranes have recently emerged ranging from preparation tactics to applications; however, their significance for membrane separations is far from being fully recognized and understood. Therefore, it is important to timely and systematically summarize the progress of macrocycle-based membranes and provide genuine insight for future studies in this interesting field. In this review, we first discuss the different types of macrocycles used to produce high-quality membranes and elucidate their characteristics. We then focus on fabrication approaches, including blending, surface (or pore) modification, crosslinking and self-assembly by discussing the merits and limitations of each approach. We also break-down the different applications of macrocycle-based membranes including water treatment, pervaporation and organic solvent nanofiltration and chiral separation. All separation applications are evaluated and analyzed in terms of current efficiency and future prospects. Most importantly, this review highlights the challenges and opportunities for improving these smart membranes in order to scale-up and translate this promising technology directly into the consumer market.

中文翻译:

用于精确分子分离的大环工程膜

大环是一类本质上多孔的有机分子,可以选择性地容纳客体分子。由于其多样化的多孔特性、主客体/超分子特征、独特的化学多功能性和可调的化学功能,大环被认为是用于先进和高效分离的迷人膜构件。最近出现了从制备策略到应用的对基于大环的膜的不断增长的研究探索;然而,它们对膜分离的重要性还远未得到充分认识和理解。因此,及时和系统地总结基于大环的膜的进展并为这个有趣领域的未来研究提供真正的见解非常重要。在这次审查中,我们首先讨论用于生产高质量膜的不同类型的大环化合物并阐明它们的特性。然后,我们通过讨论每种方法的优点和局限性,专注于制造方法,包括混合、表面(或孔)改性、交联和自组装。我们还分解了基于大环的膜的不同应用,包括水处理、渗透蒸发和有机溶剂纳滤和手性分离。所有分离应用都根据当前效率和未来前景进行评估和分析。最重要的是,这篇评论强调了改进这些智能膜的挑战和机遇,以扩大这种有前途的技术并将其直接转化为消费市场。
更新日期:2021-08-16
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