叶面尿素在葡萄藤上的应用：葡萄的生产力和风味成分,Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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叶面尿素在葡萄藤上的应用：葡萄的生产力和风味成分
Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-15 , DOI: 10.1111/ajgw.12515
G. Gutiérrez‐Gamboa ₁ , F. Diez‐Zamudio ₂ , L. Oliveira Stefanello ₃ , A. Tassinari ₃ , G. Brunetto ₃

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尿素是一种不带电荷的氮 (N) 分子，适合叶面施用，因为它很容易穿透表皮蜡质和叶子的角质层。已经进行了几项田间试验，以了解与其他氮肥相比，向葡萄藤叶面施用尿素如何影响产量和葡萄成分。叶面喷施尿素改变葡萄风味成分的有效性取决于与作物负荷和叶面喷施时间相关的葡萄藤氮素状态，这也可能对基芽肥力和储氮量起关键作用。在葡萄藤上施用叶面尿素可在短期内影响葡萄中N、挥发性化合物和酚类物质的浓度，而不影响产量及其成分。在酒精发酵过程中，葡萄氮浓度有利于产生影响葡萄酒属性、香气、苦味和涩味的非挥发性和挥发性化合物。其他 N 化合物，如生物胺也可能在葡萄酒中形成，对消费者有毒。叶面施氮后红白葡萄酒中与葡萄藤氮代谢相关的基因表达和推定化学标志物的鉴定值得进一步研究。本综述旨在评估叶面尿素施肥后叶片吸收氮的影响因素，总结对葡萄产量成分和葡萄成分的影响，并为该领域未来的研究提供研究选择。其他 N 化合物，如生物胺也可能在葡萄酒中形成，对消费者有毒。叶面施氮后红白葡萄酒中与葡萄藤氮代谢相关的基因表达和推定化学标志物的鉴定值得进一步研究。本综述旨在评估叶面尿素施肥后叶片吸收氮的影响因素，总结对葡萄产量成分和葡萄成分的影响，并为该领域未来的研究提供研究选择。其他 N 化合物，如生物胺也可能在葡萄酒中形成，对消费者有毒。叶面施氮后红白葡萄酒中与葡萄藤氮代谢相关的基因表达和推定化学标志物的鉴定值得进一步研究。本综述旨在评估叶面尿素施肥后叶片吸收氮的影响因素，总结对葡萄产量成分和葡萄成分的影响，并为该领域未来的研究提供研究选择。

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Application of foliar urea to grapevines: productivity and flavour components of grapes

Urea is a non-electrically charged nitrogen (N) molecule suitable for foliar application, since it easily penetrates the epicuticular waxes and the cutin layer of leaves. Several field trials have been conducted to understand how foliar application of urea to grapevines may affect yield and grape composition compared to other N fertilisers. The effectiveness of foliar application of urea to change the flavour components of grapes depends on the N status of the grapevines related to crop load and the timing of the foliar application, which could also play a key role in basal bud fertility and stored N reserves. The application of foliar urea to grapevines may affect the concentration of N, volatile compounds, and phenolic substances in grapes without influencing yield and its components in the short term. During alcoholic fermentation, grape N concentration favours the production of non-volatile and volatile compounds that affect wine attributes, aroma, bitterness, and astringency. Other N-compounds such as biogenic amines may also be formed in wines which can be toxic to the consumer. Gene expression related to grapevine N metabolism and the identification of putative chemical markers in red and white wines after foliar N application deserves further investigation. This review aimed to evaluate the factors involved in N uptake by leaves after foliar urea fertilisation, to summarise effects on grapevine yield components and grape composition and to provide also research options for future studies in this area.

更新日期：2021-08-15

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