Increasing interest in tetrazoles and tetrazole based materials in the recent century has been followed by enormous research efforts devoted for the synthesis of various kinds of materials based on these five membered heterocyclic compounds, which basically contain four nitrogen atoms. The structure of tetrazoles and their derivatives are crucial in preparing complexes since they can act as ligands to modify the reactivity and selectivity of the metal centers in the catalyst and prepare energetic materials. The wide field of tetrazole applications as efficient, air stable and inexpensive materials has drawn attention to the methods to synthesize various kinds of tetrazoles and their derivatives. This study primarily focuses on the fabrication methods of tetrazoles and preparation of tetrazole based compounds and their utilizations in environmental, catalytic, and energetic applications. The significant applications of tetrazole, as a catalyst, energetic material and efficient ligand in the organic catalysis or formation of various catalysts are described with an emphasis on its performance, reusability and stability and environmental concerns such as treatment of wastewater and water. Finally, a brief summary and an outlook on some of the scientific challenges and opportunities of these materials have also been discussed.

近一个世纪以来，人们对四唑和四唑基材料的兴趣日益浓厚，随之而来的是大量的研究工作，致力于合成基于这些基本上含有四个氮原子的五元杂环化合物的各种材料。四唑及其衍生物的结构对于制备配合物至关重要，因为它们可以作为配体来改变催化剂中金属中心的反应性和选择性并制备含能材料。四唑作为高效、空气稳定和廉价材料的广泛应用领域引起了人们对合成各种四唑及其衍生物的方法的关注。本研究主要集中于四唑的制备方法和四唑基化合物的制备及其在环境、催化和能量应用。描述了四唑作为催化剂、含能材料和有效配体在有机催化或各种催化剂形成中的重要应用，重点介绍了其性能、可重复使用性和稳定性以及环境问题，如废水和水的处理。最后，还讨论了对这些材料的一些科学挑战和机遇的简要总结和展望。